人間何處可安禪－論八指頭陀的末世體驗與生命安頓

Finding a Place for Chan in the World: Bazhi Toutuo's End Times Experience and his Search for Inner Peace

陳占揚(Chen Zhan-yang)

《中國文學研究》 51期 (2021/02) Pp. 219-256

https://doi.org/10.29419/SICL.202102_(51).0005

摘要

八指頭陀乃清末知名詩僧，其人一生敏銳善感，幼時歷經母亡父喪，使之初步體認到生命之無常；而生逢國家多事之秋，更令其心靈壟罩著一層末世的衰頹與哀感。究其實，詩歌雖是八指頭陀用以回應末世的重要媒介，然其人與「文字」間的緊張關係，仍令一己之內心無法於此得到平靜。進一步來說，佛法與帝國雙雙式微的情境，導致傳統的明心見性及淨土意識逐漸失去安頓當下的能量，個體的解脫陷入更矛盾的僵局，頭陀之詩歌也不免染上斑駁淚痕，莊嚴之梵音更由此傳出幽冷鬼語；而晚清的覆滅引發了「新／舊」認同的矛盾，使頭陀之末世體驗更顯複雜。要言之，八指頭陀所面臨的困境及其詩歌的特殊意義，均非泛泛的愛國傾向與「出世／入世」衝突所能說明，亟待更為細緻且深入的分析。

關鍵字

八指頭陀 ； 晚清詩僧 ； 末世體驗 ； 自我安頓

並列摘要

Bazhi Toutuo, a famous poet-monk in the late Qing Dynasty, had a strong insight and keen observation in his life. In his childhood, Bazhi Toutuo experienced the death of his parents, which made him realize the impermanence of life. Living in an age of uncertainty, his soul was also covered with a layer of apocalyptic crumble and sadness. Although poetry was an important medium for Bazhi Toutuo to respond to the apocalyptic surrounding, the tension between him and ＂words＂ still hindered him from reaching inner peace. In addition, the falling of the Dharma and Qing empire had weakened the influence of traditional concepts such as ＂enlightening mind to reach the nature＂ and ＂pure land thought＂, which led to the dilemma of personal liberation. BaZhi TouTuo 's poetry was not immune to mottled tears, and the solemn Sanskrit sound also conveyed ghost whisper. The ruin of the late Qing triggered the contradiction of the ＂new/old＂ identity, and complicated the apocalyptic experience of BaZhi TouTuo. Accordingly, the plight of BaZhi TouTuo and the special significance of his poetry should not be simply viewed as patriotic tendencies or the contradiction between the inner-worldly and supramundane idea. More details are needed to analyze BaZhi TouTuo's poetry and life experience.

並列關鍵字

BaZhi TouTuo ； poet-monk in the late Qing Dynasty ； end times experience ； search for inner peace

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