《宣室志》「諧隱精怪」類型故事之敘事策略與意涵考論

Narrative Strategies and Their Implication in ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ Stories of Xuanshizhi

陳平瑋(Chen Ping-wei)

《中國文學研究》 51期 (2021/02) Pp. 77-116

https://doi.org/10.29419/SICL.202102_(51).0002

摘要

張讀所作之傳奇集《宣室志》，李宗為譽其為神怪類傳奇之集大成者。張讀之創作沿襲了六朝志怪之餘緒，對於六朝至唐代的精怪類型故事有所承繼。其中，張讀對於「諧隱精怪」類型故事更是情有獨鍾，不僅篇數高達十餘篇，且精怪之種類亦不重複。「諧隱精怪」類型故事於中唐時期被大量創作，以展現文人娛玩、逞才的寫作目的，《宣室志》中亦可見此創作現象。根據本論文之探討，《宣室志》之「諧隱精怪」類型故事於諧隱手法之構設表現上，其隱語的巧設，使精怪游移於常與異之間，營造出奇詭的氛圍，亦展現文人之文字才華；其諧趣的構設，使精怪戲仿人類之行為模式，營構出諧謔的興味，亦反映唐代之文士社會。「諧隱精怪」類型故事常被詬病為流於遊戲筆墨，但《宣室志》所記之故事卻可見作者之托寓。總上，《宣室志》於唐稗一系的「諧隱精怪」類型故事，不僅在藝術與敘事層面上有所承繼與變異，更在故事寓意上有所開拓，而不同於以往調笑、娛樂及炫才之作品，因而更具有文學價值與功能性。

關鍵字

《宣室志》 ； 張讀 ； 諧隱精怪 ； 逞才 ； 托寓

並列摘要

Xuanshizhi(宣室志,853), written by Zhang Du(張讀,833-889)has been praised as ＂the epitome of the ghost novels of Tang legend＂ by modern scholar Lee Chung-wei(李宗為). Zhang Du inherited the form of spirit stories from the novels of Six Dynasties to Tang Dynasty. Among the stories, Zhangdu had a soft spot for ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ stories. He wrote more than ten pieces of ＂Xie-yin spirit＂, in which different types of spirits were created. ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ was especially popular during Middle Tang. Literati created the kind of works to present their talent and for entertainment, and this phenomenon is also found in Xuanshizhi. In this essay, I analyze the narrative strategy of the ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ in Xuanshizhi. The insinuating language is cleverly designed, making the spirit wander between normal and abnormal. The language also creates a strange atmosphere in the stories and presents the literati's talent. Furthermore, the ingeniously designed humor, which arranges the plot of the spirit imitating human behavior, creates a bantering interest and reflects the literati society in Tang dynasty. Even though ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ is often denounced by literary criticism for its entertainment purpose, Xuanshizhi presents the author's talent and implication. To sum up, Xuanshizhi not only inherits and variates the artistic narratation of ＂Xie-yin spirit＂ stories from Tang Dynasty, but also expands the implication of the story. Compared to previous stories that are used to entertain readers and show off the author's talent, the literary value and the function of Xuanshizh are more outstanding.

並列關鍵字

Xuanshizhi ； Zhang Du ； Xie-yin spirit ； the demonstration of talent ； implication

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