范仲淹墓誌碑文書寫中的作者評述策略

本文以「作者評述策略」為視角，探討范仲淹（989-1052）的墓誌碑文寫作，在北宋前期的時代價值。在既有研究中多提到韓愈（768-824）對碑誌應用文的筆法改創，以及在宋代古文運動風潮下，由歐陽修（1007-1072）等人推擴，形成宋代墓誌碑文的整體寫作風格。惟較少留意到古文運動以前，范仲淹的墓誌碑文，已具有大部分宋代墓誌碑文的寫作特徵。相較於其後古文家，范文實有時代先聲地位。本文所指作者評述策略，包括作者和墓主之關係，作者如何透過不同的敘述、評價策略，呈現各自不同的墓主形象。本文分為三部分：第一部分統計范仲淹的墓主對象，能反映出眾多不同的社會關係，這對北宋前期墓誌碑文研究具有參考性。透過分析墓誌碑文中作者與墓主的關係，且對照實際交遊性質加以分類，頗能呈現出各自不同的風貌。第二部分奠基於首段中墓主／作者的關聯性，探討范仲淹如何在應用性質高的文本中，展現其個人文學技法，且作者身分之中，會因為和墓主的不同關係，凸顯出「紀錄者」、「評價者」、「參與者」的不同性質。作者和墓主間的多元互動，在在影響著范仲淹墓誌碑文書寫的不同風貌。第三部分涉及范仲淹如何討論、評述墓主，由於第二部份已從不同作者立場，大致分析范仲淹的評述策略，本部分則側重談論如何處理墓主爭議性的事件，除了單一文本的評述外，范仲淹亦在不同敘事文本中流露出類似史傳筆法的互見策略。

關鍵字

范仲淹；神道碑；墓誌銘；墓表；作者立場

並列摘要

The study focuses on the epitaph writings of Fan Zhongyan (989-1052). Practicing his own methodology, Fan Zhongyan made comments and criticisms in his epitaph writings for the occupants of tombs during Song Dynasty (960-1279). The main goal of this article is to probe into the influences of diversities of interactions between Fan Zhongyan's epitaph writings and those of the tomb occupants'. This research was undertaken through the following three steps: 1. An organization and analysis of Fan Zhongyan's epitaph writings with relationships between Fan Zhongyan's and the tomb owners'. 2. An establishment of the characteristics of the ＂authorial commentary＂ in Fan Zhongyan's epitaph writings. 3. A cross-referenced discussion of the various topics discussed in Fan's epitaph writings. First, we comprehensively gather the epitaphs written by Fan Zhongyan, through which we will aim to study early Northern Song Dynasty (960-1057) epitaphs. On the basis of historical events dating to this period, we attempt to analyze and compare the relationships between Fan and the tomb occupants. In so doing, we gain a multi-facet portrait of the author. Second, on the basis of the relationships between Fan and the tomb occupants, we discover how Fan applied his literary techniques to his epitaph writings, creating a diversity of identities, including ＂recorder,＂ a ＂critic,＂ and a ＂participant.＂ Third, we glimpse how, using his own methods, Fan filled epitaphs with diverse commentary. This fact illustrates how Fan polished the controversial issues raised by the tomb owners. In addition, from the comments in his epitaph writings, we learn what Fan's political and military viewpoints were. This study will hopefully provide researchers and readers with a more detailed analysis of Fan's epitaph writings, so as to narrow the gap between Chinese literature and history. The author also hopes that this study will facilitate further research into epitaph writings dating from the Song Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Fan Zhong-yen ； epitaph writings ； tomb owners ； author standpoint

參考文獻

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范仲淹墓誌碑文書寫中的作者評述策略

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