差速器技術發展與應用

Technology Development and Applications of Differential Mechanism

呂宥勳 ； 林承楷 ； 張詠棋 ； 鍾允睿

《機械工業雜誌》 439期 (2019/10) Pp. 40-47

摘要

在汽車產業中，差速器為傳動關鍵零組件之一，透過差速器的應用，得以讓車輛順利過彎以及分配各輪扭矩，增進拖曳力。本文中介紹差速器原理以及技術發展，且由於差速器本身的物理特性，在摩擦力較差之路面（如結冰、泥巴地、青苔、水漂）容易發生打滑、動力耗損的情形，因而發展出進階差速器，例如多樣的限滑差速器，包含離合式限滑差速器、主動式限滑差速器、托森式限滑差速器、差速器鎖、扭矩分配差速器及常見的電控電子差速鎖系統，解說其運作原理以及其在不同路況、車種之應用。

關鍵字

差速器 ； 車輛傳動技術 ； 扭矩分配差速器

並列摘要

In automotive industry, differential mechanism is one of the key components in vehicle driveline. The application of the differential enables wheels to corner at different rotational speed, and to distribute driving torque between each wheels at the same time. This article introduces theory and development of differential mechanism. Due to the mechanism constraints, the differential will cause wheel slipping and power loss when vehicle operating on low-friction road condition, like iced, muddy, mossy, hydroplaning terrains. Therefore, several types of differential mechanism are invented to overcome these disadvantages, namely clutch-based active/ passive limited-slip differential (LSD), locking differential, Torsen LSD, torque vectoring differential (TVD) and electronic differential system (EDS). The working principle and application of these types of LSD are introduced in this article.

並列關鍵字

Differential ； Vehicle transmission techniques ； Torque vectoring differential