金屬3D列印雷射－材料作用機制分析

Analysis of Laser-Material Interaction in Metal 3D Printing

蔡宗汶 ； 鍾偉權 ； 林得耀 ； 劉松河 ； 洪基彬

《機械工業雜誌》 443期 (2020/02) Pp. 65-71

摘要

積層製造的雷射粉體燒融（Selective laser melting, SLM）涉及雷射與粉體的交互作用、熱傳、融化、蒸發、凝固等，尤其凝固過程中液態金屬會因重力與液體內聚力的影響產生球化現象，諸多複雜的流動／成型特性將嚴重影響製作成品的品質，目前主要以試誤法來了解與改善之。為了進一步了解成型與缺陷形成機制，本文主要針對工研院雷射中心發展之SLM相關預前模擬技術進行介紹，且為了準確描述雷射粉體燒熔的自由表面流體問題，工研院基於光滑粒子動力學進行相關理論建置，藉此協助業者能對SLM相關學理機制有進一步的認識，並利用相關技術創造更多高值化產品。

關鍵字

金屬積層製造 ； 多物理耦合 ； 光滑粒子動力學

並列摘要

Selective laser melting (SLM) process is one of the promising metal additive manufacturing technologies. SLM involves multi-phase and multi-physics phenomena such as phase-change heat transfer due to laser-powder interactions, melting, evaporation and solidification of metal powder. During the melting process, gravity and coherent forces can affect the molten flow behavior and cause some voids. Void holes would be formed in the build part and thus lower its mechanical strength and quality. Instead of using time consuming and costly trial-and-error method, the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation is the best choice to solve those problems at a lower cost. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics with continuum surface force model is applied to simulate the large deformation and motion of free surface flow during selective laser melting process. The main purpose of this article is to give a brief introduction of the fundamental physic principles of metal additive manufacturing and the process simulation software developed by ITRI.

並列關鍵字

Metal additive manufacturing ； Multi-physics coupling ； Smoothed particle hydrodynamics

參考文獻

Guo, Y.,JIA, L.,Kong, B.,Wang, N.,Zhang, H.(2018).Single track and single layer formation in selectivelaser melting of niobium solid solution alloy.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics.31(4),860-866.

Scharowsky, T.,Osmanlic, F.,Singer, R. F.,Körner, C.(2014).Melt pool dynamics during selective electron beam melting.Appl. Phys. A.114(4),1303-1307.

Juechter, V.,Körner, C.(2016).Influence of Scanning Strategy on Properties of Titanium Aluminides Produced by Selective Electron Beam Melting.Proceedings of the Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference.(Proceedings of the Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference).:

Kruth, J. P.,Froyen, L.,Vaerenbergh, J. V.,Mercelis, P.,Rombouts, M.,Lauwers, B.(2004).Selective laser melting of iron-based powder.J. Mater. Process. Tech..149(10),616-622.

Harlow, F.H.(1957).Hydrodynamics problem involving large fluid distortions.J. Assoc. Compos. Mach..4,137-142.