Current scanning electron microscopy technology suffers from several performance limitations. The image resolution is usually limited by the volume of the sample interaction rather than the actual spot size on nanoscale structures. While the use of higher energy electron beams or larger mass particle beam sources can reduce the effect of scattering, the accompanying side effects of larger sample interaction volumes and the large energy spread still prevent image resolution from being improved. In recent years, advances in gas field ion source research have enabled the realization of microscopy devices using light inert gas ions as the ion source, which helps the detection of nanoscale structures and related process development. In this article, we will introduce the helium ion beam inspection technique and the high aspect ratio structures deposition techniques.