從《詩經》中看早周社會的面貌－並論西周社會性質問題

The nature and form of the Chou- partcularly the Western Chou-society still constitute a very controversial the key to the periodization of ancient Chinese history . We can approach this problem from many angles. For examples, if we take a vertical approach and research into the state of development of the society before the Western Chou era, a considerable amount of light may be shed on the nature and form of society of the Western Chou. In other words, if we discover the features of the Early Chou society, it would greatly help our understanding of the Chou period. This article represents a study of the features of society in existence during the Early Chou era in China on the basis of what life appeared to be like then as seen in the Shih-ching 詩經 anthology. It also gives a critical evaluation of the arguments put forth by the ＂slave society ＂ school and the ＂feudal society＂ school, the two most influential and irreconcilable streams of this very controversial subject. On the basis of available evidence in the Shih-ching, it is pointed out that the society in Early Chou (before King Wen 文王) remained a system of patriarchs and slaves before finally breaking away from the clan system and developing into a feudal order after the conquest of Shang. Above all, it is found that the arguments of the ＂slave society＂ school are not well formulated. The evidence from the Shih-ching, as well as from other documentary and archaeological resources points to a system with a superstructure of fiefs and clans in the early years of the Western Chou , together with the ＂nine squares＂ economic system and a hierarchy of feudal classes. These form, collectively, a picture of life under the system of feudal gentry and prove that the views of the ＂feudal society＂ school are basically acceptable.

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