早期中國的四大聯盟集團

The Four Federated Groups in Early China

俞偉超(Yu Wei Chao)

《中國文化研究所學報》 19卷 (1988/01) Pp. 11-19

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.198801_19.0003

並列摘要

There existed nine most important tribal groups in the bronze age of China: (1) the Hsia group in the region of the rivers, Yi and Luo, and the southwest part of Shan Hsi; (2) the East Yi group in the Po Hai coastal region; (3) the Shang group to the east of the T'ai Hang Mountains; (4) the North Ti group in the west part of inner Mongolia the north part of Shaan Hsi, and the central and north parts of Shan Hsi; (5) the Pre-Chou - Chou group along the valleys of the Ching and Wei rivers; (6) the Jung and Ch'iang groups in Kan Su, Ch'ing Hai and Ning Hsia; (7) the Miao and Man group in the middle region of the Yangtze River; (8) the Hundred Yüeh group distributed around the Tung T'ing and Po Yang Lakes extending to the south-eastern and southern coastal regions; (9) the Pa and Shu group between the Yangtze Gorges and the Ch'êng Tu Plain. Every tribal group manifests itself in the various archaeological remains. Among others, the neighbouring Hsia and Yi, Shang and Ti, Chou and Ch'iang, Ch'u (one branch of the Miao-man group) and Yue had once formed a powerful confederation, from which came several earliest prosperous dynasties of China, i.e. Hsia., Shang, Chou and Ch'u in south China, but as soon as a dynasty had once been established, however, the federation to which it formerly belonged immediately broke up and in its place arose long-lasting struggles.