Among today's social sciences, history is the only branch indigenous to traditional Chinese learning; thus, using it as a focus to observe how a traditional learning responded to the impact of Western culture is particularly significant Liang Qichao (1873-1929) is commonly regarded as the pioneer of the "new history" Therefore his transition to Western historiography aptly serves as the point of departure for an analysis of the transformation of modem Chinese historiography. Other leading historians in early Republican Era will also be discussed whenever conducive to strengthening my argument, namely: the birth of the so-called "new history" did not overcome the dual crises that had caused its transformation; on the contrary, it accelerated the disintegration of Chinese historiography as a whole.