士人學術交遊圈：一個學術史研究的另類視角（以宋代四川為例）

Previous academic studies on the literati in pre-modern China had a relative narrow focus either on the life and thought of certain individuals, or on his relationships with a small circle of teachers, friends and students. This article proposes to examine the history of the literati of Song China from a new perspective, namely the intellectual networking among different circles of the literati. Several cultural centres emerged in the Song dynasty, such as those in Jingluo (Kaifeng and Luoyang), Jiangzhe, Jianxi, Fujian and Sichuan, and within each of these centres there existed a dynamic circle or circles of literati who were active in cultural and educational pursuits. This essay chooses Sichuan in the Song dynasty as a case in point and studies the academic networks of the literati in the area from a perspective of intellectual history. After an examination of the cultural and historical milieu of Sichuan, the author comes to the following conclusion. First, the academic networks of the literati broke through the limitation of individual and isolated study. They created a public space for the literati to exchange their ideas and learn from each other. Second, one or a few famous scholars often became the core of a circle and that helped to form bigger academic sehools during that time. Third, a study of these groups and networks will help us to understand better the academic developments in the whole area Fourth, the study could provide another way to evaluate a scholar's academic status if his scholarly works got lost in the past. Fifth, it could supplement the historical records such as those in Song Yuan xue'an, Song Yuan xue'an buyi, and others. Sixth, a study of the networking of the literati circles in different areas will help us understand more about the academic exchanges and developments during the time. Seventh, marriages between the literati families further consolidated the relationships of the circles and facilitated intellectual blending. Finally, if we compare the circles in different dynasties, we will understand better the intellectual history in pre-modern China.

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