張仲景《五藏論》研究

The medical treatise Wuzang lun 五藏論 (Discussion of the Five Viscera) was found in Dunhuang and is now stored in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, in Paris. It has attracted many scholars' attention because of its attribution to Zhang Zhongjing. Zhang's fame in Chinese medical history had previously rested on a single work, the Shanghan zabing lun 傷寒雜病論 (Treatise on Cold-induced Febrile Disease), written in the Eastern or Later Han dynasty. We know little about the author because his biography was not included in the two standard histories of the period, the Hou Hanshu 後漢書 (History of the Later Han) and the Sanguozhi 三國志 (Record of the Three Kingdoms). The present paper seeks to explain why the Wuzang lun has been attributed to Zhang Zhongjing. The work is divided into four parts. After an introduction, the author reviews the previous studies of Zhang Zhongjing's Wuzang lun. Most scholars have focused on annotating the text and dating the transcriptions. The third part of this paper discusses the contents of the text, focusing on the following passage: ＂Materia medica originated from the Physician King (醫王). The Yellow Emperor (黃帝) created the canon of acupuncture. Jı-vaka (耆婆) was an expert in the nature of drugs.＂ The author discusses the meaning of this passage, pointing out that the wording differs significantly from the wording of analogous texts in Tang China. In the fourth part, the author explains why the Wuzang lun was attributed to Zhang Zhongjing. The argument is based on two factors. First, the Wuzang lun integrated India's four-elements theory with China's five-phases theory. Second, the text emphasized that a good physician could diagnose the condition of his patient's internal organs by paying close attention to complexion and voice. Evidence from Tang medical texts suggests that Zhang Zhongjing routinely diagnosed illnesses by assessing the voice and complexion of his patients. In conclusion, the author turns to Zhang Zhongjing's image in Tang medical texts and his stature in Tang medical history to explain why the Wuzang lun should be attributed to him and not to any of the other famous physicians of China's medieval period.

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張仲景《五藏論》研究

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