清末江蘇學政的考試與選拔：以經古考試和南菁書院為中心

Examination and Promotion by Jiangsu Provincial Education Commissioners in Late Qing Dynasty: A Study Centred on ＂Classical and Ancient Learning＂ Exams and Nanjing Academy

徐世博(Xu Shibo)

《中國文化研究所學報》 66期 (2018/01) Pp. 179-202

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.201801_(66).0008

摘要

迄今為止，對於清代地方性科舉考試的研究，多止於制度層面的討論，忽略學政主持的三年兩輪的歲科考試及其選拔的具體機制。原因之一，是史料匱乏。本文利用《申報》等資料，考察光緒時期幾位江蘇學政的工作。文章認為，自乾隆元年開始設立的「經古」考試，是歲試科試四書題八股文以外的一條捷徑，而光緒時期幾位江蘇學政，刻意利用這類考試來提拔心目中的「實學」人才，以便這些人才能夠成為生員；或者成立書院，把這些人才培養為貢生。

關鍵字

江蘇學政 ； 經古考試 ； 南菁書院 ； 松江府

並列摘要

Most studies to date on prefectural exams (suishi, keshi, and yuanshi) held by provincial education commissioners twice every three years have been focused on the institutional perspectives; yet their specific exam and promotion practices need to be further explored. Based on sources such as the Shenbao, this paper aims to survey the work of several Jiangsu provincial education commissioners during the Guangxu reign (1875-1908). The author argues that since the first year of Qianlong reign (1736), the ＂classical and ancient learning＂ exams (jinggu kaoshi) were regarded by provincial education commissioners as a shortcut for promoting students apart from the eight-legged essays and regulated verses. This strategy was deliberately used in prefectural exams in the Guangxu reign to assess and promote students with ＂concrete and useful＂ learnings so that they could become licentiates (shengyuan). At the same time, the commissioners also established a provincial Nanjing Academy in order to cultivate talents to become tribute students (gongsheng).

並列關鍵字

Jiangsu provincial education commissioners ； ＂classical and ancient learning＂ exams ； Nanjing Academy ； Songjiang prefecture