內監梁九功與康雍之際的儲位鬥爭：對清代宦官問題的再思考

Liang Jiugong, A Eunuch in the Succession Dispute between Kangxi and Yongzheng Ruling Periods: A Reconsideration of Eunuchs of the Qing Dynasty

張建(Zhang Jian)

《中國文化研究所學報》 66期 (2018/01) Pp. 97-125

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.201801_(66).0005

摘要

宦官干政是歷代治亂興替之一大關鍵。通常認為，清帝以內務府總攬宮廷諸務，杜絕中官干政之弊。惟是宦官與皇權伴生，恰如附骨之蛆，非專制朝廷所能摒除者。清代固無閹黨之禍，卻不乏權宦。梁九功是康熙帝的心腹太監，與康雍之際的儲位鬥爭關係甚密。他交通外臣，聚斂起巨額家貲，暗助太子胤礽結納綠林豪客，為主上所不容，囚禁暢春園。雍正上臺後查抄家產，迫其自盡。可知梁九功不僅是有名的權宦，也是宮廷政治中的活躍人物。這一發現有助於擺脫清朝無權宦的傳統印象，深化清代政治史的研究。

關鍵字

梁九功 ； 宦官 ； 清朝 ； 宮廷史

並列摘要

Eunuch interference in political affairs was one of the key factors influencing the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties. It is generally believed that Qing emperors ordered the Imperial Household Department to totally manage the internal court affairs in order to eliminate the disadvantages of eunuch interference. Eunuchs appeared along with imperial power, just as maggots in bone, so this phenomenon could not be fundamentally eliminated by the autocratic court. While it is true that throughout the whole Qing period, there was no disaster caused by the eunuchs, but there were many powerful and influential eunuchs during that time. Liang Jiugong was one of the henchman eunuchs of the Kangxi emperor, and he had close ties to parties to the succession dispute between Kangxi and Yongzheng ruling periods. This paper investigates his whole life by studying the relevant archives. Through focusing on the case of Prince Yincheng's abolition in 1712, it can be disclosed that Liang Jiugong secretly helped the prince to collude with the bold, marauding heroes living out in the green wood; that was not tolerated by the Kangxi emperor, and so he was imprisoned in Changchun Garden. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, Liang's home was raided, and he was forced to commit suicide. Meanwhile it was disclosed that he had had contacts with the ministers and amassed a huge fortune. Liang Jiugong was not only a well-known eunuch, but also an active person in court political affairs. This finding is helpful for getting rid of the traditional impression that the Qing dynasty had no powerful eunuchs, and can further deepen the study of the political history of the Qing dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Liang Jiugong ； eunuch ； the Qing dynasty ； imperial history