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三峰師徒與密雲圓悟的法義論辯

The Doctrinal Debate between the Sanfeng School and the Miyun School in Late Ming Dynasty

Abstracts


本文梳理明末禪宗臨濟宗第31代祖師三峰法藏及其弟子潭吉弘忍、具德弘禮等與上一代祖師密雲圓悟在禪宗宗旨、尤其是臨濟宗旨和接眾方法上的根本分歧,詳細論述臨濟三峰派欲振興禪宗五家宗旨,使臨濟能夠重光的思想主張。而以圓悟為代表的因循維持派,他們只相信既有的棒喝自悟,不承認臨濟除此以外,還有其它宗旨,更不承認自近世以來,禪宗已經衰敗的論斷。雙方背後都有相當數量的支持者,都連番撰文申述辯駁,指責對方抹殺宗旨,而致矛盾不可調和,最後被雍正以國家強力終止,但強權又豈能解決思想問題。這場辯論對於禪宗,乃至近代漢傳佛教,都產生了深遠的影響。

Parallel abstracts


This article examines the fundamental differences in the Zen teachings and methods of the Linji School between the 31st generation patriarch, Sanfeng Fazang, and his disciples, Tangji Hongren and Juede Hongli, and their predecessor, Miyun Yuanwu. It elaborates on the Sanfeng School's advocacy for the revival of the five schools of Zen, which can restore the Linji School's vitality, while the Miyun School, representing the conservative faction, only recognizes the existing methods of self-realization and denies the existence of other Zen teachings and the decline of Zen Buddhism since the late Ming Dynasty. Both sides have a significant number of supporters, and they have written numerous articles to refute each other, accusing each other of neglecting the teachings and being irreconcilable. The debate was eventually terminated by the state, but the impact of this debate on Zen Buddhism and even Chinese Buddhism in modern times was profound.