試論星雲大師涅槃觀

The Study of Nirvana in Venerable Master Hsing Yun's Philosophy

翁翠苓(Weng Tsui-ling)

《《人間佛教叢書》2015星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究(上)》 2015 (2016/02) Pp. 588-634

摘要

本文是筆者閱讀星雲大師的著作〈佛教的圓滿世界．第一篇涅槃寂靜〉後之心得，經由研讀大師的著作，希企透過大師的言論，引領筆者真實理解大師論述涅槃寂靜之義理，企圖了解其論述所引述之中觀、唯識、天台、禪宗等宗派教理，在漢傳佛教脈絡下，對大師涅槃思想觀及人間佛教行誼之影響。筆者本文進行方式，仍以大師所下之標題為論述主軸，就其文所分述：一、涅槃的意義，二、涅槃的異名，三、涅槃的特性，四、涅槃的種類，五、涅槃的境界，六、涅槃的求證。依序探討文本引經據典之依據，爬梳其所涉及經論與大師所詮之義理及獨特見解。就筆者之探討、認知與理解下，大師對涅槃寂樂所作之詮釋義理，善舉諸經為解，方便權巧言說佛法總學如三法印、三學、四攝及六度等，來開發眾生本具自性清淨心，以達自度度人之究竟解脫，追求人生圓滿自由自在的生活。這一切都不離人世間，將佛法落實在現實生活裡，傳遞「佛說的、人要的、淨化的、善美的」佛教理念，印證其人間佛教之最終理趣。

關鍵字

涅槃 ； 寂靜 ； 解脫 ； 輪迴 ； 佛性 ； 真如 ； 圓滿

並列摘要

This paper is an extensive study of one of Venerable Master Hsing Yun's writings, ＂The Wonderful and Perfect World of Buddhism - Chapter One: Nirvana＂ (Fojiao de yuanman shijie diyi pian niepan jijing). First, the true meaning of nirvana is comprehended from Venerable Master's books and speeches. Second, the conceptual influence of ＂nirvana＂ in Venerable Master's philosophy and his Humanistic Buddhist practice under the path of Han-Traditional Buddhism is apparent and understood from Venerable Master's quotes on the teachings of the Madhyamaka, Tiantai, Vijnanavada, and Chan School. This paper is structured according to the Venerable Master's article: 1) the meaning of nirvana; 2) the other names of nirvana; 3) the particularity of nirvana; 4) the classification of nirvana; 5) the world of nirvana; and 6) how to achieve nirvana. Explanations of sutras mentioned in the articles, its interpretation, and Venerable Master's perspectives are discussed. In conclusion, Venerable Master's teaching is based on the Buddhist teaching such as Tri-drsti-namitta-mudrā, śikṣā, and the Six Pāramitās. From these teachings, people's natural pure citta are furthered developed, the real liberation from which oneself and others are freed is achieved, and the wonderful and perfect life of nirvana is obtained. Everything Venerable Master Hsing Yun has done is within the human realm and his teaching is never without the four concepts of Humanistic Buddhism: what is taught by the Buddha, what is needed by the people, what is pure, and what is virtuous and beautiful.

並列關鍵字

Nirvana ； tranquility ； liberation ； samsara ； Buddha nature ； tathagatagarbha ； perfection