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  • 期刊

民國時期杭州的道教組織

Hangzhou Daoist Association from 1911 to 1949

摘要


杭州道教界在1914年、1927年、1937年、1946年組建過道教會。本文以1946年組建的杭州市道教會為重點,依據檔案資料、地方志、口述史等,聯繫當時的社會、政治、經濟背景,分析了杭州市道教會的宗旨、章程、組織架構、會員狀况、運作中所做的主要工作、與政治的關係、經濟狀况,對杭州市道教會作了全面的研究。本文指出,民國時期的杭州市道教會是杭州近代道教史的一個重要階段。它的興衰,作為一個典型案例反映了民國時期杭州的社會、政治、經濟狀况,也反映了民國時期寺廟、宗教、政府與政黨之間的複雜關係,有多方面的意義。它的理事長李理山與張天師等合作組織中華道教會,它是中華道教會的團體會員之一。它的理事長李理山曾於1946年7月在上海,以1939年3月創建的杭州玉皇山福星觀道院上海分院為據點,組建上海市道教會,對上海道教乃至全國道教都有廣泛的影響。杭州市道教會在建立之後做了一些推進道教適應現代社會發展的事,對協調教內部關係做了一些實事,開展了一些社會公益慈善活動。它的建立與運作,對浙江其它地區有廣泛的影響,對1949年後的浙江道教乃至中國道教的發展也有一定的影響。

關鍵字

民國時期 杭州 道教 社會 政治

並列摘要


Daoists in Hangzhou organized a series of Hangzhou Daoist associations in 1914, 1927, 1937 and 1946. Based on archives, local chronicles, and other sources, and taking into account the situation of society, politics and economy during the period of the Republic of China, this paper focuses on the Hangzhou Daoist Association organized in 1946, discussing its goal, statutes, organizational structure, members, main works, political relations, economy, and so on. The Hangzhou Daoist Association marks an important stage in the modern history of Hangzhou Daoism. It provides a classic reflection of the society, politics, and economy of Hangzhou, and the relations among temples, religions, government and party in the Republican Period. Its seminar director Li Lishan cooperated with the 63^(th) generation of Heavenly Master Zhang to organize Chinese Daoist Association in 1946, and it represents a complete example of such organizations. Li Lishan also organized the Shanghai Daoist Association in 1946. Thus, the Hangzhou Daoist Association influenced Shanghai Daoists, and in fact all Chinese Daoists. It gave a fresh impetus to Hangzhou Daoists who went on to adapt to the modern society, coordinated the internal relations among Daoists, and carried out many charity works. It made a wide impact on other cities in Zhejiang, and was a major influence on Zhejiang Daoists, as well as on a wider range of Chinese Daoists, even after 1949.

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