新出曾國青銅器瑣談

Notes on Newly Unearthed Bronze Vessels from the State of Zeng

張懋鎔(ZHANG Maorong)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 創刊號 (2014/04) Pp. 15-26

摘要

本文根據近年流散的曾侯寶青銅器，並結合以往出土的曾侯青銅器，梳理出兩周時期曾侯青銅器的發展脈絡。其意義在於：第一，春秋早期的曾國青銅器組合形式承襲西周晚期特點，與中原青銅器還是很接近的；第二，可以認為從春秋早期到春秋晚期曾國國都還在隨州；第三，種種證據有助於說明曾國是隨州地區最大的諸侯國，曾國就是文獻記載的那個隨國。本文同時介紹新發現的曾仲方座簋以及葉家山曾國墓地46號墓出土的兩件尖刺乳釘紋盆式簋，這兩種非常特別的銅簋出現在曾國墓地，說明在西周早期隨州地區與寶雞地區交流頻繁，曾國與西周王朝關係密切。

關鍵字

曾國 ； 曾侯 ； 青銅器

並列摘要

Relying upon the various bronze vessels of Marquis Bao of the Zeng state and those of the Zeng Marquis that have been previously unearthed, the present essay is intended to outline the development of the bronze vessels of the Zeng state marquises during the period of the Zhou dynasty. Three aspects of significance may be observed. First, the combined form of the Zeng State bronze vessels dating from the early Spring and Autumn period inherited the characteristics of those dating from late Western Zhou times; the former are very similar to the bronze vessels of central China. Second, it may be assumed that the capital of the Zeng state remained in Suizhou throughout the early to late Spring and Autumn period. Third, various evidence supports a theory that the state of Zeng was the largest feudal state in the Suizhou region, and that the state of Zeng is the same as the state of Sui in written records. This essay also introduces two sets of vessels: (1) the newly discovered Zeng Zhong Yi gui pot with a square base; and (2) the two basin-shaped gui pots with sharp nipple cast patterns, which were unearthed from tomb 46 of the Zeng State graveyard in Yejiashan. The discovery of these utterly unique bronze gui vessels in graveyards of the Zeng state illustrates the frequent contact between the Suizhou and Baoji regions during the early Western Zhou period, and also reveals the close relationship between the state of Zeng and the Western Zhou regime.

並列關鍵字

State of Zeng ； Marquis Zeng ； bronze vessels