The Origin and Development of Western Sinologists' Theories of the Oral-Formulaic Nature of the Classic of Poetry

《詩經》與口頭文學學說的發展：兼論出土文獻對研究《詩經》著作年代和傳授過程的意義

夏含夷(Edward L. SHAUGHNESSY)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 3期 (2016/05) Pp. 133-148

摘要

Beginning early in the twentieth century, Western scholars have emphasized the oral origins of early world literature, including Chinese literature. With respect to the Shijing or Classic of Poetry, China's earliest collection of poetry, two proponents of this theory of oral literature have been particularly influential: Marcel Granet (1884-1940) and C. H. Wang. It is little known among Sinologists that Granet's Fêtes et chansons anciennes de la Chine, published in 1919 and perhaps the most important single Western contribution to the study of the Classic of Poetry, was heavily influenced by the early studies of Jean Paulhan (1884-1968). It is better known that C. H. Wang's The Bell and the Drum: Shih Ching as Formulaic Poetry in an Oral Tradition (1974), the second great contribution to this theory, was deeply indebted to the theories of Milman Parry (1902-1935) and Albert B. Lord (1912-1991). As a prelude to a broader study of recently excavated textual materials and their significance for the early history of the Classic of Poetry, in this article I examine the background of these two scholars' studies of the Classic of Poetry, and explore as well some of the influence that they have had in the scholarship of the last century.

關鍵字

Classic of Poetry ； oral literature ； Marcel Granet ； C. H. Wang ； excavated manuscripts

並列摘要

二十世紀初期以來，口頭文學學說一直是西方文學學術界的重要學說之一。早在1919年，西方漢學家就採取這一學說討論中國文學，特別是《詩經》。本文對一百年以來西方漢學的《詩經》與口頭文學學說研究作一總覽，特別針對葛蘭言（Marcel Granet, 1884- 1940）和王靖獻（C. H. Wang）兩位漢學家的觀點作深入討論。最後，本文介紹最近幾十年發現的與《詩經》有關的出土文獻，以便對口頭文學學說作出評價。

並列關鍵字

《詩經》 ； 口頭文學 ； 葛蘭言 ； 王靖獻 ； 出土文獻