譜系重建與論學困境－陳澧的調和論及其義理思想再探討

Reconstruction of the Confucian Genealogy and the Dilemma of Discussing the Subtle Meanings of the Classics: A New Examination of Chen Li's Reconciliatory Approach to Han Studies and Song Studies and His Thought on yili (Moral Principles)

黃湛(HUANG Zhan)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 5期 (2018/05) Pp. 315-343

摘要

道咸以降，盛極一時的考據學逐漸式微，受乾嘉考據學深刻影響的陳澧（1810-1882），生逢晚清學術轉型時期，其「漢宋調和論」最為人所知。然而陳澧的學說體系實以孔門四科為基本架構，相較漢學、宋學二元對立的說法，其學術視野更為寬闊。其所定義的「漢學」、「宋學」對應經學、理學，至於「考據」和「義理」，則是經學範疇內的概念。陳澧分別為經學和理學制定學術規範：經學方面通過考察歷代解經方法，梳理出孔子以降「考據以明理」的傳承脈絡；理學方面則延續顧炎武「經學即理學」的觀點，強調理學須以經書為依據，雖然其義理發明時與程朱理學牴牾。他調和兩者分歧的一個原因是出於糾正流弊、挽救學風的現實考慮。另一方面，清代考證學者在處理這一矛盾時，會做出避談義理、調和分歧等應對舉措，陳澧也有相應的表現。他對於經學－理學、漢學－宋學畛域的明確劃分，弱化了經學義理和程朱理學的分歧和衝突。

關鍵字

陳澧 ； 考證學 ； 義理 ； 漢宋調和 ； 孔門四科

並列摘要

After the mid-Qing, the once flourished ＂Textual Criticism＂ (kaozheng 考證, lit. evidential investigation) movement gradually lost its prominent position in academia. Having received solid philological training at his early years and being hugely influenced by the leading figures of the Empirical School of Textual Criticism such as Dai Zhen 戴震 (1724-1777) and Ruan Yuan 阮元 (1764-1849), Chen Li 陳澧 (1810-1882) was, nevertheless, known for his efforts in reconciling the two camps of scholars in the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) who followed the Han and Song approaches to studying the Confucian Classics respectively. Going beyond the dichotomy of Han School and Song School or Philology and Philosophy, Chen Li adopted the ＂Four Subjects of Confucius' Teaching＂ 孔門四科 as his theoretical framework and matched the Han Studies and Song Studies to two of the subjects while seeing the oppositional kaozheng and yili (moral principles) as branches of Canonical Studies in the broader sense. To reconcile the deep-seated academic divergences between the two schools, Chen Li formulated his theory by addressing the norms and re-defining the common research methods in the textual-based Studies of Confucian Classics and Neo-Confucianism. Avoiding confrontation on touchy issues and juxtaposing the exegesis by the Neo-Confucianists with the Classics were some of the effective methods in alleviating conflicts between the two schools.

並列關鍵字

Chen Li ； Textual Criticism (kaozheng) ； yili ； reconciliation of the Han and Song canonical schools ； ＂Four Subjects of Confucius' Teaching＂