《左傳》中「博物君子」的古史修養

A Study of the Elite Aristocracy's Historical Knowledge in the Spring and Autumn Period through an Analysis of the Zuozhuan

孫玲玲(SUN Lingling)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 6期 (2019/08) Pp. 409-431

摘要

春秋時期講史活動盛行，其中以子產等「博物君子」為代表的講史行為尤其引人矚目。他們雖非史官，但是對祀譜、帝系等古史知識十分熟悉，究其原因主要有二：一、西周以來禮樂之教中涉及帝系、古史知識的內容，是他們獲得古史知識的重要基石；二、春秋時期，隨著史官文獻的進一步下移，博物君子得以通過閱讀此類文獻、「觀樂」、「觀書」、「問學」等多種方式習得古史知識。掌握了這些知識的博物君子們又結合時代之需將其與「德政」、「禮政」相結合，成為他們表達政見、掌控話語權的有力工具。

關鍵字

博物君子 ； 古史知識 ； 禮樂之教

並列摘要

During the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 BC) the act of telling history was very prevalent. In such a historical background, the ethnic elites especially liked to tell historical stories on formal diplomatic occasions. This phenomenon can be proved in the Zuozhuan. The reasons of the phenomenon have two aspects: First, the education of ＂music and literature＂ paved the way for the elites to acquire the historic knowledge; Second, because of the decline in the status of historiographers, the elites had more opportunities to study the historical documents. Based on these aspects, the elites hold more power of speech than historians. Furthermore, the elites were good at making full use of historical stories in dealing with political affairs. They combined the historical knowledge with ＂Propriety＂ and ＂Virtue＂, and as a result, the historical stories had a more realistic significance than before.

並列關鍵字

ethnic elites in the Zuozhuan ； knowledge of ancient history ； education of ＂music and literature＂