塔塔加遊憩區及鄰近地區高地草原及其他植群之變遷

1981年首勘、1985年設置樣區調査，此後斷續觀察，而2002年三度調査玉山國家公園之塔塔加遊憩區植群，確定大約21年來該山區之變遷。作者先由該山區歷史沿革、人為施業等背景，含口述歷史之査訪，得知原植群殆為台灣鐵杉、台灣雲杉及江楨的針葉林，且至少60餘年前遭受伐木，之後，放牧、造林、火災、再造林、試驗、遊憩設施、遊憩行為等人為干擾，在此歷史背景下，探討該山區植群之演替。1985年的植物社會調査將該山區劃分為「玉山箭竹／高山芒」、「大井氏燈心草」等大約17個社會單位，2002年一一檢驗每個社會單位之變遷。全山區之主要演替傾向，大致由高地草原轉變為松類灌叢、開放性松林。細部區分可粗略分為：水、溼生社會單位的消失：東北坡向或陰坡高地草原之玉山箭竹自我復育，而未見樹種拓殖；東南坡向或陽地進行松林之發展；原松類灌叢，松林則增加層次分化與密閉度，經由方法論之討論，對人為干擾區提出相對頻度之不可靠，且重新檢視鐵杉林帶高地草原演替之若干成見之不切自然實體或未真正進行研究；對松林之發展，傾向於視同林地劣化的退化演替，且可能淪為週期火災的危機，而高地草原並非單向發展，其存在多元不定性；首度認為玉山箭竹並非一般原生態系摧毀後的次生演替，而是原先針葉林生態系的下半部，其可進行緩慢的自我復育與原針葉林的在地更新，亦可進行生育地劣化後的灌叢、松林路徑。本文同時質疑土地代管單位，20餘年來系列造林的失败，相對於自然演替而言，突顯假「科學」之名的社會成本，有待全面反思；對保育之經營管理探討，本文則提供實證的基本資訊，此外，對林地劣化及外來種的入侵亦提出警訊。

關鍵字

塔塔加遊憩區；髙地草原；植群；植物社會；演替

並列摘要

An initial survey conducted in 1981 and plots survey made in 1985 deployed for subsequent follow-up observation, together with three separate surveys in 2002 for examining the vegetation at the Yu Shan National Park's Tataka recreation area, are deployed to ascertain changes to the mountainous region in the past 21 years. The author began by polling the mountainous region's background information, such as its historical chronology artificial tempering and so forth including information surveyed through oral history intended to decipher how primitive vegetation consisting of coniferous forests, such as the Taiwan hemlock, Taiwan spruce and Formosan red cypress, are subjected to over six decades of deforestation, followed by a host of artificial tempering, such as grazing, reforestation, brush fire, reforestation, forestry experiments, recreational facility intrusion and recreational activities. Amid such historical background, efforts are made to examine the succession of the plant communities. The 1985 vegetation sociology survey has the mountainous region divided into approx. 17 dominancetype consisting of the Yushania niitayamensia/Miscanthus transnorrisonensis, Jancus otwianus and so forth, which are then examined in 2002 for evolvements taking place in each unit. Some of the key successional trends throughout the mountainous region find the high mountain areas grasslands gradually turn into shrubs of pine, open pine forests. And a more detailed distinction indicates: a disappearing aquatic and wetland community units; voluntary regeneration of the Yusahia nitayamensis along the north-east slopes yet without the colonization of new tree species; expansion of pine forests along the south-cast slopes; increasing layering segregation and density of indigenous shrubs of pine and the Taiwan spruce. Discussion conducted via the methodology approach found the relative frequency theory proposed on artificially tempered areas unreliable and a reexamination of evolvements to the high mountain areas grassland along the Taiwan hemlock zone contain several preconceived illogical objectivities or the lack of field studies. The colonization of pine forests tends to be regarded as a transgression evolvement of a forestland degradation and can fall victim to cyclical brush fire. Yet high mountain arcasgrasslands are not subjected to one-way evolvements but have had a host of built-in uncertainties, leading the consensus to believe that the Yushania nititayamensis has not been a secondary succession following a common indigenous ecosystem destruction but rather a transgression evolving from the previous pine forests. Where it slowly rehabilitates and renews at where the previous coniferous forests once grew, while the failed attempt of a reforestation over the past two decades only emerged to highlight the social cost camouflaged under the name of science when compared to natural evolutions to warrant a comprehensive reflection. For examining conservation management, the study offers certain rudimentary data, intended for validation purposes, and proposes certain warnings toward forestland degradation and invasion of foreign species.

並列關鍵字

Tataka recreation area ； grassland of high mountain areas ； vegetation ； plant communities ； succession

國際替代計量

塔塔加遊憩區及鄰近地區高地草原及其他植群之變遷

未授權

主題瀏覽