中國古銅錢的科學鑑定：次生礦物的種類與產狀

Scientific identification of Chinese coins of different ages: secondary minerals and their occurrences

方建能(Jiann-Neng Fang) ； 余炳盛(Bing-Sheng Yu) ； 譚立平(Li-Ping Tan) ； 李子寧(Tzu-Ning Li) ； 吳佰祿(Pai-Lu Wu)

《國立臺灣博物館年刊》 47卷 (2004/12) Pp. 73-83

https://doi.org/10.6548/ANTM.200412_47.0005

摘要

本研究利用X光粉末繞射儀和能量分散光譜儀等科學儀器，鑑定近千個中國古銅錢上的次生物的數量、種類及尺寸，並觀察這些次生礦物的產狀。本研究觀察的古銅錢上有六成含次生礦物，其中65％含綠色的孔雀石，31％含白、灰、黃、褐、黑或綠色的白鉛礦，僅有10％含藍色的藍銅礦和7％硃紅色的赤銅礦，鋅孔雀石和水白鉛礦非常稀少。當觀察到以上次生礦物時，大致可認定這些是古銅錢或古銅器。赤銅礦與白鉛礦最晚出現的古銅錢的朝代分別宋朝及明朝，而藍銅礦及孔雀石則在清朝的古銅錢即可發現：古銅錢的朝代（年代）越早，次生礦物粒徑越大。

關鍵字

中國古銅錢 ； 次生礦物 ； 孔雀石 ； 白鉛礦 ； 藍銅礦 ； 赤銅礦

並列摘要

By using XRD and EDS, 796 Chinese coins of different ages were studied for the amounts, sizes and identification of the secondary minerals and observed for their occurrences. According to the study, sixty percentages of the coins have secondary minerals on them. 65 % of the secondary minerals are green malachite, 31 % of them are white, gray, brown, black or green cerussite, and 10 % of them are blue azurite and red cuprite. On the other hand, rosasite and hydrocerussite are very rare. When there are these minerals on the coins, it is suggested that they are acient coins. Generally, cuprite and cerussite showed up on the coins before the Song and Ming Dynasties, while azurite and malachite appears on the coins as late as the Ching Dynasy. Meanwhile, the sizes of the secondary minerals are larger as their ages of the coins are older.

並列關鍵字

Chinese bronze coins ； secondary minerals ； malachite ； cerussite ； cuprite ； azurite