臺灣產菟絲子屬植物之研究

Studies on the Genus Cuscuta of Taiwan

廖國媖(Gwo-Ing Liao) ； 蔡進來(Jinn-Lai Tsai) ； 陳明義(Ming-Yih Chen)

《臺灣省立博物館年刊》 34卷 (1991/12) Pp. 103-119

https://doi.org/10.6548/ATMB.199112_34.0008

摘要

旋花科的菟絲子屬植物，寄生並危害多種寄主植物。本文探討此屬植物在臺灣的地理分布、寄主種類、生態特性、分類特徵、寄主組織形態之變化等。臺灣產菟絲子屬植物有菟絲子、中國菟絲子、臺灣菟絲子及日本菟絲子等問種。其中菟絲子與中國菟絲子極相像，而臺灣菟絲子與日本菟絲子也很相像，彼此間主要區別為花部特徵。此屬植物大多生長在向陽地區，對寄主似無選擇性；有自我寄生及重寄生現象，由分生能力較強的寄生植物幼嫩細莖對成熟的寄主老莖形成吸器。由解剖觀察得知此屬植物水分與無機鹽類的攝取，主要是靠吸器入侵寄主後，其導管與寄主的導管相連通而獲得；養分則主要由吸器先端的絲狀細胞來吸收。

關鍵字

菟絲子屬 ； 生態特性 ； 形態特徵 ； 寄生現象

並列摘要

The distribution and their hosts of the parasitic plants of Cuscuta of Convolvuaceae in Taiwan were investigated. Special attention was paid to the ecological attributes and taxonomic characteristics of these parasitic plants. Four taxa, including Cuscuta australis R. Br., C. chinensis Lam., C. japonica Choisy var. formosana (Hay.) Yunker, and C. japonica Choisy var. japonica were found. C. australis and C. chinensis are very similar in appearance and the two varieties of C. japonica are also similar. Flower characters are the critical differences between these two taxa pairs. These parasitic plants mostly grow at the sunny sites and are not selective for the hosts. Self-parasitism and hyperparasitism were found. The younger tissues of one parasitic plant, with stronger capacity in cell division, produced haustoria to invade the more mature and older stem of another parasitic plant which became the host. From anatomical observation, the vessels of haustoria connected with those of host to obtain water; the filiform cells at the apex of haustorium took the nutrients from the host.

並列關鍵字

Cuscuta ； ecological attributes ； morphological characteristics ； parasitism