甲午戰爭研析－以威海衛戰役為例

The Study of Battle of Weihaiwei in First Sino-Japanese War

張勝凱(Sheng-Kai, Chang) ； 郭添漢(Tain-Hain, Guo)

《海軍學術雙月刊》 48卷6期 (2014/12) Pp. 89-101

https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.201412_48(6).0006

摘要

1894年11月，日軍順利奪取旅順，遼東半島陸上戰役暫告停止，此時渤海灣進入冰封期，海上運兵不利，且清軍重兵集結於盛京、遼陽、京津一帶，使得山東半島防務薄弱。12月上旬，日軍大本營決定全力進犯山東半島，海陸夾擊，佔領威海衛，封鎖渤海灣，消滅北洋艦隊。而清政府對日軍此一戰略指導缺乏認知，丁汝昌始終將艦隊置於港內，處於被動挨打地位，而陸上兵力部署分散，無法形成重點。反觀日軍，戰略上充分運用兵力集中的特點，以「避實擊虛」戰術打擊敵人的弱點，迫使清軍無力招架，勝負已成定局。使經營10餘年的北洋艦隊最後全軍覆沒，寫下中國近代海軍史上最悲慘的一頁。

關鍵字

甲午戰爭 ； 威海衛戰役 ； 防衛作戰

並列摘要

November 1894, Japanese force successfully occupied Lüshun and temporary ended the ground battle in Liaodong peninsula. Meanwhile, the Gulf of Bohai Sea entered the frozen period and disadvantaged maritime force transportation. Moreover, the Qing army deployed its most force in Shengjing, Liaoyang, Tianjin and resulted in weak defense power in Shandong peninsula. Early December, the Japanese headquarter has decided to invaded Shandong peninsula with full powers of ground and maritime force so as to occupy Weihaiwei, blockaded the Gulf of Bohai Sea and destroy Beiyang Fleet. However, as a result of the Qing government lacked understandings of Japanese intent, Admiral Ding Ruchang ordered navy fleet passively settling in the port from the beginning to the end and the ground force decentralized its deployment failing to concentrate. In contrast, Japanese force strategically exercised its advantages of centralization, stroke enemy's weakness by tactic of ＂avoiding strength and attacking frailness,＂ and forced the Qing army to surrender. These factors caused of the thorough defeat of decade-long run Beiyang Fleet and wrote one of the worse miserable pages on Chinese recently history.

並列關鍵字

First Sino-Japanese War ； Battle of Weihaiwei ； Defense Operation