從1884年中法戰爭看對臺封鎖作戰

From a historical perspective of the Sino-French War to review the blockading operation to Taiwan

張勝凱 ； 曾陳祥

《海軍學術雙月刊》 49卷6期 (2015/12) Pp. 45-62

https://doi.org/10.6237/NPJ.201512_49(6).0004

摘要

1884年（清光緒10年）中、法針對越南宗主權歸屬發生甲申之役，戰場從安南（現今越南）北部延伸至臺灣、福建、澎湖、浙江等地，其中又以對臺、澎戰事及馬江之役具有舉足輕重之地位，此役不但使清朝苦心經營多年的福建海軍及船政局全軍覆滅，且也顯現出臺灣對清廷整個東南地區之海防具有重要戰略價值，故此役結束後，清廷立即將臺灣從福建分出成為獨立一省，開始大力建設此地。而戰役期間法軍對臺執行「封鎖」（Blockade）為臺灣歷史上第一次，在這近6個月封鎖期間2使得臺灣對外航運深受影響，也突顯出臺灣島嶼易遭封鎖特性；故藉此歷史來看現今對臺封鎖作戰。

關鍵字

臺灣 ； 福建海軍 ； 基隆 ； 淡水 ； 馬江 ； 封鎖 ； 法國

並列摘要

The Sino - French War occurred in 1884 (10th year o f Guangxu, Qing Dynasty) due to the conflict between China and France on the relegation of suzerainty of Vietnam. The whole campaign fields extended from northern part of Vietnam to Taiwan, Pescadores Islands and Fujian, Zhejiang provinces. Two of these battles, the blockading operation to Taiwan, Pescadores islands and the battle of Fuzhou, had played a significant role in the whole campaign. The Sino-French War had not only caused the Fujian fleet and Foochow arsenal which elaborated and managed by Qing dynasty for years were all vanished into nothing but shown the critical strategic value of Taiwan to the defense of the whole southeast coastal area of Qing dynasty as well. After the Sino-French War, the Qing dynasty immediately decided to separate Taiwan to an independent province from Fujian, and initiated great efforts in the construction of Taiwan province. In the Sino-French War, the blockading operation to Taiwan which performed by French forces was the first blockade in Taiwan's history. During nearly six months period, the blockading operation had not only made a deeply influence on Taiwan's shipping but also spotlighted the characteristic of easy-to-be-blockade of Taiwan. Therefore, we may review the blockading operation to Taiwan nowadays from the history of the Sino-French War.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； Fujian fleet ； Keelung ； Tamsui ； Mawei ； Blockade ； France