美國海軍無人海洋系統發展之研究

一、濱海水域係美國海軍遂行海洋控制與兵力投射的主要區域，隨著攻船飛彈射程與感測器精度不斷地提升，濱海國家具有數倍於以往的「反介入／區域拒止」能力。為了回應此一挑戰，美國海軍先後提出「分散式殺傷」與「分散式海上作戰」等嶄新概念以為因應，兩者係將戰力分散至眾多載台與廣大海洋空間，用以防止核心戰力為敵殲滅，陷美軍於被動挨打之不利態勢。二、為了落實前述兩項作戰概念，美國海軍近期積極研製各類型的無人海洋系統（包括無人水面USVs與水下載具UUVs），期透過大量部署此類系統，加重敵方在偵測、追踪與接戰時投入的兵力，並對敵方決策過程形成相當程度干擾。三、在可預見未來，美國海軍將成為一支由「有人」與「無人」艦船共同組成的混合艦隊；透過分散式艦隊架構的建立，美軍可以確保核心戰力，俾能在對抗性日益高漲的海洋作戰環境中，保有海洋優勢同時贏取海戰勝利。對我國而言，無人海洋系統同樣值得主政者及海軍高層審慎評估，並列入建軍規劃參考。

關鍵字

無人海洋系統；分散式殺傷；分散式海上作戰；混合艦隊

並列摘要

1. Littoral regions are major maritime zones for US Navy's implementing sea control and power projection. According to anti-ship cruise missile range and sensor accuracy increasing, littoral countries have more stronger anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) capabilities than ever, especially PRC and Russia. Under these circumstances, US Navy proposes two new operational concepts, including distributed lethality and distributed maritime operation for responding these challenges. 2. In order to implement previously noted operational concepts, US Navy is very active to develop unmanned maritime systems, e. g., unmanned surface vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles. These unmanned maritime systems may to reduce operational and maintenance costs, decease personnel workloads, and improve fleet entire combat effectiveness. 3. In foreseeable future, US Navy fleet architect composed of manned ships/aircrafts, and unmanned surface, underwater and aerial vehicles. Through distributed fleet architect building, US Navy could preserve core combat capabilities in high contested maritime operational environment and secure maritime supremacy and win the sea battles.

並列關鍵字

Unmanned Maritime Systems ； Distributed Lethality ； Distributed Maritime Operation ； Hybrid Fleet

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