論美「中」在中東地區的大國競爭－權力平衡觀點

一、2022年底習近平出訪中東，是中共推展近十年「一帶一路」倡議計畫，並在阿拉伯世界累積出經貿、基礎建設成果所展開的收割行動。二、美國在中東地區的兩項目標：首先，鞏固「美－沙」聯盟關係以確保「美元－石油」制度的穩固；其次，強化與阿拉伯國家的邦交，同時提供在中東地區盟邦國家的軍購武器，以維繫美國軍火工業的興盛。兩國軍事聯盟是美國控制中東、維繫全球霸權地位的重要支柱。三、中共與中東國家交往採取三個步驟：首先，發展雙邊的經貿合作；其次，以共同合作建立基礎設施為由，建構雙邊的科技與金融合作；最後，雙邊進入政策互惠或安全合作階段。發展至第三階段，中共已在各個領域根深柢固的與合作國家建立外交關係。四、美、「中」在中東地區的權力競爭將會出現：在經貿領域上中共占據優勢地位；在軍事安全領域上，美國仍維持著穩定的領先地位。與以往不同的是，美國在此地區的國際影響力已漸居下風，尤其對能源生產與石油定價的影響力，正大幅下降，後續發展值得關注。

關鍵字

大國競爭；權力平衡；中東地區；石油；經貿關係

並列摘要

1.Xi Jinping's visit to the Middle East is a reaping action carried out by the CCP to promote the "Belt and Road" initiative for nearly ten years, and to accumulate achievements in economics, trade and infrastructure construction in the Arab world. 2.The United States has two goals in the Middle East: first, to consolidate the US-Saudi alliance to ensure the stability of the dollar-petroleum system; second, to strengthen diplomatic relations with Arab countries, and at the same time provide arms purchased by allies in the Middle East to maintain US arms The prosperity of industry. The US-Saudi military alliance is an important pillar for the US to control the Middle East and maintain its global hegemony. 3.The CCP takes three steps in its exchanges with Middle Eastern countries: first, develop bilateral economic and trade cooperation; second, the CCP builds bilateral technological and financial cooperation under the pretext of jointly building infrastructure; finally, the two sides enter the stage of policy reciprocity or security cooperation. In the third stage of development, the CCP has established diplomatic relations with cooperating countries that are deeply rooted in various fields. 4.There will be a power competition between "China" and the United States in the Middle East: In the field of economy and trade, the CCP occupies a dominant position; in the field of military security, the United States still maintains a stable leading position. What is different from the past is that the international influence of the United States in this region has gradually declined, especially its influence on energy production and oil pricing has dropped significantly.

並列關鍵字

Great Power Competition ； Balance of Power ； Middle East ； Oil ； Economic and Trade Relations

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