有翅型家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki）（等翅目：鼻白蟻科）的趨光性研究

Study on the Phototaxis of Alates of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

張琳(Lin Chang) ； 徐爾烈(Err-Lieh Hsu) ； 吳文哲(Wen-Jer Wu)

《台灣昆蟲》 21卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. vi+353-363

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2001029

摘要

本研究測試家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki）之有翅成蟲群飛期間對三種發光二極體（light-emitting diodes, LEDs）的趨性，以了解其趨性最大的波長範圍；並進一步試驗群飛的有翅型家白蟻對三種常用路燈：複金屬燈、水銀燈、高壓鈉燈之趨光性。三種發光二極體發出的色光照射到水面之反射光，所誘集到的有翅型家白蟻以藍色光（367～583 nm）與綠色光（525～648 nm）顯著多於紅色光（600～733 nm）。三種路燈誘集得的有翅型家白蟻數量，以複金屬燈最多，水銀燈其次，若包覆防紫外線濾膜後，則此二種燈光誘集得的有翅型家白蟻數量顯著減少，又以複金屬燈之誘集效應銳減尤為顯著，甚至少於水銀燈者；而高壓鈉燈則不論有無包覆防紫外線濾膜，均極顯著少於複金屬燈及水銀燈，此結果與室內試驗之結果相符。本試驗顯示三種路燈對群飛家白蟻之誘集效果差異極為顯著，且紫外光對有翅型家白蟻之誘集效應亦極為顯著。再將上述三種LEDs及UV-LED（350～425 nm）的光譜圖套上上述三種常用路燈之光譜圖，配合以LEDs及室內、室外試驗的誘集結果，推測短波長的光對有翅型家白蟻的誘集效果最佳。

關鍵字

家白蟻 ； 群飛 ； 有翅型趨光性

並列摘要

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the phototaxis of alates of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki towards three different-colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and to elucidate the extent of their phototropic wavelength. Studies were also conducted to determine the effects of three different kinds of street lights, a MetalArc metal halide lamp, a high-pressure sodium lamp, and a mercury lamp, on attracting swarming C. formosanus. Based on the results of attraction by the LED color reflected from a water surface, the numbers of alates attracted by blue (367~583 nm) and green (525~648 nm) were significantly greater than that by red (600~733 nm). Results of the number of alates attracted by the three different street lights showed that the MetalArc metal halide lamp caught the most followed by the mercury lamp. When all three lamps were covered by a UV-filter plastic membrane, numbers of alates caught by the above two lamps were significantly reduced, especially for the MetalArc metal halide lamp, for which the reduction was most noticeable. The number caught by the MetalArc metal halide lamp was even less than that by the mercury lamp. The fewest number of alates was caught by the high-pressure sodium lamp among the three street lamps regardless of whether or not it was covered with a UV-filter plastic membrane. Results of this field study were consistent with these of the laboratory study. This study further shows that differences in the three street lamps in attracting swarming alates were highly significant. Also, UV light significantly influenced the attractiveness to swarming alates. When the spectrographs of the above LEDs and UV-LED (350~425 nm) were superimposed with those of the three street lamps in conjunction with LEDs for both laboratory and field tests, it was apparent that lights with a shorter wavelength had a better effect in attracting swarming alates of C. formosanus.

並列關鍵字

Coptotermes formosanus ； swarming ； alate ； phototaxis