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溫度對琉球青斑蝶（Radena similis similis Linnaeus）（鱗翅目：斑蝶科）發育之影響
Effect of Temperature on the Development of Radena similis similis L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae)
摘要
本試驗在網室內採琉球青斑蝶（Radena similis similes）當日產卵，分別置於20、25、30℃，80±5%RH，13L：11D之生長箱飼養，並分別以蘿藦科（Asclepiadaceae）鷗蔓（Tylophora ovata）葉片單隻飼養其幼蟲至成蝶，觀察各蟲期發育的變化。結果如下，卵孵化率隨著溫度升高而降低；由卵發育至成蝶的存活率以20℃最高，為73.3%，隨溫度升高存活率降低。各蟲期之平均發育期，隨溫度升高而縮短，以30℃之發育最快，自卵孵化至成蝶，其平均發育時間為23.06日，而以20℃的發育時間最慢，為44.05日，其發育時間約需前者的2倍。琉球青斑蝶發育臨界溫度，卵為10.2℃，一齡至五齡幼蟲分別為7.8、8.4、11.2、7.9及8.6℃，蛹期為9.2℃、卵至成蟲為8.9℃。各蟲期有效積溫，卵為57.07日度；一齡至五齡幼蟲分別為49.68、40.13、32.91、49.90及84.65日度，蛹為160.87日度；卵發育至成蝶需要480.12日度。在頭殼寬度方面，雖然在不同溫度下三至四齡幼蟲有差異，但至五齡蟲時並沒有顯示差異，此蝶之幼蟲頭殼寬度是有一定的，末齡頭殼寬度至少為3.21mm。在幼蟲期食葉量方面，於20、25、30℃之飼養，均以第五齡幼蟲的食葉量最大，且有顯著性差異，三者總食葉面積分別為221.74、191.67及129.25cm^2，此結果可做為教學材料及大量飼養的基本資料。
並列摘要
In the present study, fresh eggs of Radena similis similis Linnaeus were collected from the host in a net room. The fresh eggs were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 20, 25, and 30°C , with 80±5% RH and a photoperiod of 13-h light and 11-h darkness. Hatching larva were reared with leaves of Tylophora ovata individually for the series of observations on the development of the butterfly. The results are summarized as follows. The hatching rate decreased as the temperature rose from 20 to 30°C. The highest survival rate from egg to adult was observed at 20°C (73.3%). At various temperatures, the longest duration from egg to adult was found to be at 20°C, the shortest at 30°C. The duration from egg to adult at 20°C was twice that at 30°C. Duration in days decreased as the temperature increased from 20 to 30°C. The lower development threshold temperatures for the development of eggs, 1st to 5th instar larva, and pupae were estimated to be 10.2, 7.8, 11.2, 7.9, 8.6, and 9.2°C, respectively. The accumulated effective temperatures for the egg, 1st to 5th instar larva, and pupae were 57.07, 49.69, 40.13, 32.91, 49.90, 84.65, and 160.87 day-degrees, respectively. It required 480.12 day-degrees for development from egg to adult. Third to 4th instar larva significantly differed in width of the head capsule at various temperatures, but, that of 5th instar larvae did not significantly differ. Those larva with head capsules wider than 3.21 mm were destined to become pupae at the next ecdysis. Leaf consumption of each instar larva was calculated. Leaf areas consumed at 20, 25, and 30°C were 221.74, 191.67, and 129.25 cm^2, respectively. The results can provide some information for educational materials and mass production of this butterfly.