銀葉粉蝨（Bemisia argentifolii Bellow & Perring）在六種雜草上之產卵選擇及生活史

Ovipositional Choice and Life History of the Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellow & Perring) on Six Weeds

賴信順(Hsin-Shun Lai) ； 陳秋男(Chiou-Nan Chen)

《台灣昆蟲》 22卷4期 (2002/12) Pp. iv+359-370

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2002029

摘要

本研究在探討台灣地區設施內冬季十字花科蔬菜、夏季瓜果及聖誕紅三類作物上的銀葉粉蝨（Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring），當轉移至設施周圍的大花咸豐草（Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip.）、昭和草（Crassocephalum crepidioides （Benth.）S. Moore）、紫花藿香薊（Ageratum houstonianum Mill.）、鱧腸（Eclipta prostratan L.）、紫背草（Emilia sonchifolia var. javanica）和龍葵（Solanum nigrum L.）上的產卵選擇及生活史情形。銀葉粉蝨在六種雜草上的產卵選擇與其源出的三類作物有顯著的關聯性，銀葉粉蝨較偏好產卵於龍葵上，尤其以源自瓜園的銀葉粉蝨明顯地對於龍葵產卵偏好較高。源自三類作物的銀葉粉蝨在雜草上的幼期天數與若蟲發育時間皆以在龍葵上者最短，分別為16.8－18.2天及11.3－12.3天，而在紫背草上者最長，分別為22.2－23.2天及16.0－17.3天。銀葉粉蝨的成蟲羽化前累積死亡率不因蟲源不同而有差異；而不同雜草間，皆以在紫背草上的死亡率最高（34.78％－44.90％）。銀葉粉蝨在龍葵上的生長指數最高（0.199－0.228），而在紫背草最低（0.129－0.137）。綜合而言，銀葉粉蝨自不同作物轉移至雜草上，有不同的產卵偏好，且其生活史也有差異。在六種雜草中，以龍葵為銀葉粉蝨最佳寄生植物，而紫背草為最不適合者。

關鍵字

銀葉粉蝨 ； 雜草 ； 產卵選擇 ； 生活史

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to investigate the life history of Bemisia argentifolii Bellow & Perring moving from three different crop types, i.e., crucifers, cucumbers and tomatoes, and poinsettia, on to six weeds serving as transient habitat around a nethouse; these weeds included Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip., Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, Eclipta prostratan L., Emilia sonchifolia var. javanica, and Solanum nigrum L. In free choice tests, B. argentifolii preferred to lay more eggs on S. nigrum irrespective of its original host plant, especially those from cucumbers and tomatoes. Both the immature period and the nymphal developmental time of whiteflies on S. nigrum were the shortest, being 16.8-18.2 d and 11.3-12.3 d, respectively; while those on E. sonchifolia were the longest, being 22.2-23.2 d and 16.0-17.3 d, respectively. Whiteflies on E. sonchifolia had the highest preadult mortality compared to those on other weeds, and ranged from 34.78% to 44.90%. The growth index of B. argentifolii on S. nigrum was the highest (0.199-0.228), and that on E. sonchifolia the lowest (0.129-0.137). We concluded that, among the six weeds studied, S. nigrum was the most suitable wild host and E. sonchifolia the poorest for B. argentifolii moving from crops to a transient habitat.

並列關鍵字

silverleaf whitefly ； Bemisia argentifolii ； weeds ； ovipositional choice ； life history