- 期刊
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高屏地區腐食性蠅類昆蟲相調查
Necrophagous Dipterans in the Kaohsiung and Pintung Areas
摘要
本研究為臺灣地區首次的法醫昆蟲學田野調查，同步調查高屏地區法醫昆蟲學之雙翅目昆蟲主要種類及其活動與分佈。每兩個月一期的6次調查顯示雞隻的腐敗速度在不同月份有所差異，但其腐敗過程可分為幾個有規律的時期，分別為置出時的完整期、腫脹期、腐敗期、塌陷期及骨骸期；期間以腫脹期及腐敗期誘得之蠅最多，塌陷期之幼蟲均已成長至末齡四處爬行。研究發現，都會區（高雄市）與鄉下地區（屏東縣）不同的環境因子對昆蟲的活動與分佈有明顯影響。然而優勢物種在此二地區皆為相同之雙翅目種類，即麗蠅科；肉蠅在都會區是主要次優勢物種，農業區則是家蠅為次優勢物種。以族群量比較，在都會區一年裏各月的總額皆低於農業區。觀察0、24、48及72小時不同時間的棄屍處理，發現雙翅目族群的聚集及發生，主要都是在棄置後2～5日內，此一時期為腫脹期及腐敗期。然而在延遲棄屍的各點間卻沒有規律性的誘集效果，而與環境溫度及有無遮蔽物有直接關係；在陽光直射的環境，這些蠅類族群的聚集及發生，低於遮蔽環境的族群；都會地區的未遮蔽點K1（24小時後棄屍）、K3（72小時後棄屍）及鄉下地區的直射地點，其蠅類出現比例均較低。
並列摘要
This is the first investigation to study the activities, classification, and distributions of forensic medical-related insect species in the field in southern Taiwan. Forensic dipterans were simultaneously collected every two months in Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County using hen carcass. The decay capability of hens differed; however, procedures in decayed hens were similar and went through the following five stages: fresh, bloated, decaying, post decay, and dry. It was found that the environmental conditions of the urban, Kaohsiung City, and rural area, Pintung County, were crucial factors for the occurrence of insects. However, these two experimental areas shared the same three dominant families of the dipterans, i.e. Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae. Calliphorids were the dominant family througout the year and occurred in both areas. In the urban and rural areas, the second dominant species were flesh flies and house flies, respectively. In the urban area, the population size of flies was smaller than that from the rural area for the same period. In observation from the delayed exposure treatments of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of the carcass, most of the dipteran populations occurred within two to five days, i.e. in the bloated and decaying stages. However, succession was not found among these treatments. Dipteran populations were affected by temperature and environmental shelter. For example, treatments K1 and K3 were unsheltered in an urban area and exposed to direct sunshine in a rural area, respectively, and were less favorable to dipterans.