台灣窗螢之發生變動、分布與棲地特性

Occurred Fluctuation, Distribution and Habitat Characters of the Firefly, Pyrocoelia analis

何健鎔(Jen-Zon Ho)

《台灣昆蟲》 24卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. iii+117-128

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2004011

摘要

本研究調查西螺與新營二地台灣窗螢（Pyrocoelia analis（Fabricius））之週年發生變動情形，從雲林縣西螺地區調查（1998-1999）結果顯示三月到十月間是雄蟲之發生期，其中三月到四月間有一次小高峰期，七月到八月間有另一次大高峰期，十一月後至次年的二月間以幼蟲越冬。而台南縣新營地區的調查（1996）結果顯示南部冬季溫度較高且變化大，一月即有少數的雄蟲出現；五月至八月如有連續性大雨，也會影響雄蟲發生。比較二地區三月及八月出現平均體長，西螺地區為16.32 ± 1.16 mm、15.49 ± 0.77 mm；新營地區為15.42 ± 1.15 mm、14.37 ± 0.67 mm，在三月及八月雄蟲體長皆有顯著性差異（p ＜ 0.01）。經調查此蟲在台灣分布情形，結果發現有棲地85處，台東縣、花蓮縣、蘭嶼、綠島除外，其餘各縣市皆有分布，從平原至海拔400公尺間；幼蟲棲地類型有竹林、防風林、果園、河床、草地、茶園、闊葉樹林、菜園、農田、蔗田及檳榔園等11型，顯示其多樣性高，其中草地型34處出現的頻率最高，河床型13處次之。

關鍵字

台灣窗螢 ； 發生 ； 分布 ； 棲地

並列摘要

This study showed the annual occurrence of the firefly, Pyrocoelia analis. This survey was conducted in the Shilo area of Yunlin County from 1998 to 1999. The occurred fluctuation have shown male appeared from March to October. Low peak appeared from March to April and the high peak appeared from July to August annually. The larvae of various stages were overwintered from September to following February. The survey was conducted in the Hsinying area of Tainan County in 1996. Male firefly appeared in January influenced by the high and changeable temperature in winter. Continuous heavy rain from May to August influenced the occurrence of male. Mean of body length in March and August was measured and respectively showed 16.32 ± 1.16 mm, 15.49 ± .077 mm in Shilo area and 15.42 ± 1.15 mm, 14.37 ± .067 mm in Hsinying area. The results showed the significant difference in body length (p＜ 0.01). Distribution of the P. analis presented in our 85 survey locations that were distributed in all counties on the Taiwan excluded the Taitung county, Hualien county, green island and orchid island. The altitude of P. analis habitats ranged from plain to the 400 m. The eleven types of habitats included bamboo plantation, windbreaks, orchard, dry riverbed, grassland, tea plantation, broadleaf forest, vegetable, paddy field, sugarcane field, and Arecae catechu showed the high diversity. The grassland was found in the highest ratio among 34 habitats and followed by the dry riverbed, which was found eleven sites.

並列關鍵字

Pyrocoelia analis ； occurrence ； distribution ； habitat