- 期刊
- OpenAccess
四紋豆象不同蟲期寄主經驗對其產卵偏好之作用
Effects of Host Experience During Different Stages on Oviposition Preference of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
摘要
四紋豆象為內食性昆蟲，其幼蟲及成蟲羽化時均有機會獲取關於寄主特性的資訊，進而可能影響成蟲之寄主選擇，故為檢驗寄主選擇相關理論的極佳材料。本試驗首次透過檢測羽化自不同寄主之成蟲的產卵表現來探討成蟲前經驗（包括幼蟲期及成蟲早期經驗）對四紋豆象產卵偏好之作用；並探討豆象經歷不同寄主經驗（例如：寄主種類、比例及寄主大小）對其產卵偏好影響之相對重要性。試驗結果顯示來自紅、綠豆之四紋豆象，以不同寄主豆進行非自由選擇產卵偏好試驗時，其對各種寄主之接受度並無顯著差異；但若同時供應不同寄主進行自由選擇產卵偏好試驗時，則四紋豆象顯著偏好紅豆或黑豆。但飼育寄主種類及羽化環境對四紋豆象對不同寄主之偏好程度並無影響，顯示四紋豆象之成蟲前經驗並不會影響其產卵偏好。而成蟲所經歷之寄主種類、比例與寄主大小均會影響其產卵偏好。隨環境中寄主所佔比例增加，四紋豆象會提高在此寄主豆上產卵的相對比例，但在不同寄主組合處理間偏好性的改變並不一致。另提供大綠豆、小紅豆組合與一般紅、綠豆組合進行自由選擇產卵試驗比較，結果顯示四紋豆象仍舊顯著偏好在紅豆上產卵；但在大綠豆、小紅豆組合處理下，綠豆上的產卵比例顯著高於對照組，顯示寄主大小確實影響產卵偏好，但寄主種類之作用較寄主大小為大。
並列摘要
The seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) develops to the adult stage inside seeds before adult emergence, thus the larva or adult has an opportunity to obtain information about host traits, and this experience may influence the host preference of the adult. In this study, adults that had emerged from adzuki and mung beans were used to test whether larval or early adult experience effects host preference of the adult. In no-choice tests of host acceptance there was no significant difference in acceptance of adzuki bean, mung bean or black soybean by beetles reared on adzuki bean or mung bean. In free choice tests of host preference, adults exhibited significant preference for adzuki beans over mung beans, adzuki beans over black soybeans, and black soybeans over mung beans. However, host preferences did not differ significantly between adults with different experiences (e.g., reared on adzuki bean or mung bean, or emerged from adzuki and mung bean powder). These results indicate that larval or early adult host experience does not influence adult host preference. In addition, we provide evidence that the host ratio and the size of hosts affect host preference of the adult. When either big mung bean and small adzuki bean or normal sizes of each bean were provided in a free choice test, adults laid more eggs on adzuki bean than mung bean in both treatments, but the number of eggs laid on big mung bean was greater than on normal sized mung bean. These findings show that the host species is a more important factor affecting host preference by the seed beetle than host size.