Effects of Household Soap Solutions on the Mortality of the Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

We assessed the control effect of soap solutions on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (TSM). Five kinds of soap solutions (4 g/l) made from different household soaps were evaluated by contact and residual bioassays on the adults and eggs of TSM in the laboratory. The mortality rates of female adults immersed in 5 soap solutions for 1 to 8 s showed no significant differences among them. Mortality rates of treatment with soap (4 g/l) in distilled water or that with abamectin (0.01 g (AI)/l) also exhibited no significant differences. Mortality rates of female adults ranged from 93.1 to 98.6% among the five soap solutions and that of the abamectin solution was 100%. Soap solutions did not significantly affect the mortality rates of TSM egg, and a dual dipping did not kill the remaining nymphs. The mortality rates of nymphs ranged from 89.2 to 98.8% among soap solutions dips. A soap residual bioassay showed that soap dry film did not significantly affect the mortality rates of female adults. Divalent metal ion concentrations in the soap solution may affect the activity on TSM. The mortality rates of female adults treated with soap solution dissolved in standard hard water was significantly lower than that dissolved in distilled water.

關鍵字

Tetranychus urticae ； soap solution ； bioassay ； standard hard water

並列摘要

本文報導皂液對二點葉蟎的致死影響研究。選取五種市售家用肥皂加水稀釋成皂液，在實驗室內使用葉浸法對二點葉蟎雌成蟎及卵粒進行觸殺及殘毒生物檢定，評估皂液對葉蟎的致死影響。結果顯示雌成蟎浸泡於不同皂液（4g／l）1～8秒，處理時間之死亡率為93.1～98.6%差異不顯著，與浸泡於對照藥劑阿巴汀（0.01g（AI）／I）的死亡率（100%）也無顯著差異。卵粒分別浸泡皂液與蒸餾水後之孵化率差異不顯著，孵化後若蟎再次浸泡皂液之死亡率為89.2～98.8%，故也無法完全將若蟎殺除。雌成蟎經由肥皂殘毒生物檢定，結果顯示肥皂殘毒試驗的雌成蟎與用蒸餾水試驗的死亡率無顯著差異。皂液中之二價金屬離子濃度也會影響對二點葉蟎的殺蟎效果，將雌成蟎浸泡於以標準硬水為溶劑的肥皂水溶液，其死亡率皆低於浸泡於以蒸餾水為溶劑的皂液，且差異顯著。

並列關鍵字

二點葉蟎；家用肥皂；皂液；生物檢定；標準硬水

國際替代計量

Effects of Household Soap Solutions on the Mortality of the Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

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