公民身分與意識初探：澳門小學《品德與公民》教科書分析

An Exploration of Citizenship Identity and Civic Awareness: An Analysis of Moral and Civic Education Primary School Textbooks in Macao

黃素君(Sou-Kuan VONG) ； 黃樂源(Lok-Un WONG) ； 謝均才(Thomas Kwan-Choi TSE)

《教育學報》 46卷2期 (2018/12) Pp. 67-86

摘要

本文旨在探究澳門小學《品德與公民》教科書中有關「公民身分」及「公民意識」的論述及內涵。透過文本分析發現：（1）個體及集體層次的公民身分意識成為教材中的顯性話語；（2）教科書相當重視公民品德之養成，強調個體的自我規訓及集體價值；（3）愛國教育與公民教育互相滲透，培養具有愛國意識的中國公民；（4）呈現出以尊重為主色調的世界公民養成。總體而言，教科書所呈現的公民身分強調國族認同，公民意識以責任為取向，本質上仍然是被動、帶有自我規訓的公民觀。本文建議課程設計須重視公平與批判思考的公民素養，以發揮培育良好公民的功能和使命。

關鍵字

公民身分 ； 公民意識 ； 澳門 ； 教科書分析

並列摘要

This article aims to explore the discourses of citizenship identity and civic awareness embedded in the series of Moral and Civic Education primary school textbooks in Macao. The study reveals that: (a) the personal and collective level of civic awareness is the dominant discourse in the textbooks; (b) the textbooks give an important weighting to the cultivation of the character of citizens as well as the importance of individual self-discipline and collective value; (c) patriotic education and civic education intertwine in order to cultivate a patriotic Chinese citizen; (d) ＂respect＂ is the key concept in cultivating the global citizen in the textbooks. The citizenship presented in the textbooks emphasizes the formation of national identity, and a form of responsibility-driven civic awareness. In essence, the cultivation of citizenship identity and civic awareness still demonstrates a passive and self-disciplined view. This article suggests that curriculum design should emphasize on the cultivation of fairness and critical thinking in order to fulfill a comprehensive mission and function of citizenship education.

並列關鍵字

citizenship identity ； civic awareness ； Macao ； textbook analysis

參考文獻

游美惠（2000）。〈內容分析、文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用〉。《調查研究》，第 8 期，頁 5–42。doi: 10.7014/TCYC.200008.0005

Apple, M. W. (1985). The culture and commerce of the textbook. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 17(2), 147–162. doi: 10.1080/0022027850170204

Mikander, P. (2016). Globalization as continuing colonialism: Critical global citizenship education in an unequal world. Journal of Social Science Education, 15(2), 70–79. doi: 10.4119/UNIBI/jsse-v15-i2-1475

Olson, D. R. (1980). On the language and authority of textbooks. Journal of Communication, 30(1), 186–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01786.x

Valencia Sáiz, A. (2005). Globalisation, cosmopolitanism and ecological citizenship. Environmental Politics, 14(2), 163–178. doi: 10.1080/09644010500054848