This article reviews the two waves of curriculum reform in Taiwan in recent years, which refer to the perspectives of "basic ability" and "core competence" that involve different knowledge types and ideologies. Based on the perspective of reform ecology, the core viewpoints of the two waves of curriculum reform have also involved the dialectical relationship between the social structure of knowledge and power in the historical context. On this occasion, the study is intended to adopt T. S. Popkewitz's idea of "social epistemology" as the methodology to analyze the space-time background of the discursive practice of "basic ability" and "core competence," and then puts forward the argument of turning from "epistemology" to "ontology," depicting the future vision of the curriculum reform.