Key, descriptions for the eight taxa, i.e., S. palustre L. subsp. pseudocymbifolium (C. Muell.) Eddy, S. magellanicum Brid., S. ovatum Hampe in C. Muell., S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. cuspidatulum C. Muell., S. girgensohnii Russ., S. junghuhnianum Doz. & Molk. and S. sericeum C. Muell. of the genus Sphagnum L. found in Taiwan are presented. Sphagnum ovatum Hampe in C. Muell. and S. cuspidatulum C. Muell. are reported for the first time to be added to the bryoflora of Taiwan. Distribution of S. girgensohnii Russ. and S. sericeum C. Muell. in Taiwan has been confirmed.