論閩語的小稱

ON THE DIMINUTIVES IN MIN DIALECTS

陳忠敏(Zhongmin Chen)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 14期 (1999/08) Pp. 77-95

摘要

本文通過閩語與其他鄰近方言的比較來討論閩語的小稱。閩語的小稱有三種。一種是囝尾詞小稱。這種小稱分布面廣，是閩語的固有小稱形式。第二種是來源於北方官話的兒尾詞小稱。其中又可分為兩個層次。在閩西北邵武地區的兒尾詞小稱是晚近層次，跟鄰界的江西贛語撫廣片有相同的語音形式，兒尾詞自稱音節。閩南話的兒尾詞小稱是早期層次，在大田後路話裹的表現形式是音節的鼻化。在其他閩南話裏，這種來源於兒尾詞的小稱呈殘存貌。第三種小稱是變調小稱。邵武方言人聲化字是變調小稱的殘存形式。跟邵武方言鄰近的浙南吴語、徽語、贛語撫廣片以及邵武方言都存在着兩種相同的小稱形式，在地理上呈連續體。

並列摘要

In this paper, I discussed the diminutives in Min dialects by comparing Min dialects with their neighboring dialects. I pointed out that there are three diminutives in Min. The first one is the jian suffix diminutive, which is the native form and is widely distributed in Min dialects. The second one is the er suffix diminutive, derived from the north, which can be divided into two different levels. One of these, with the er suffix, is mainly distributed in the Shaowu area of northwest Min. I call this suffix the new level, which shares the same phonetic features with the neighboring Gan dialects, such as the Lichuan and Nancheng dialects. In the Houlu dialect of Datian county, a subgroup of the southern Min dialects, there is another diminutive also derived from er suffix. It can be called the early level of the er suffix diminutive. This kind of er suffix diminutive was eroded in the most southern Min dialects, resulting in survival of the nasalized finals only in relic forms. The entering-tone characters of the Shaowu are relic forms of the third diminutive, formed by changing tones to express the meaning of the diminutive. There are two kinds of diminutives, the er suffix diminutive and the diminutive by changing tone, in the Shaowu dialect. These two diminutives also exist in some southern Wu, Hui and and Gan dialects, the neighboring dialects of the Shaowu, which thereby shows the geographical continuity of this language feature.