THE MECHANISM OF SINO-KOREAN PALATALIZATION

中古知系與端系聲母在韓國漢字音顎化過程

嚴翼相(Ik-sang Eom)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 20期 (2003/12) Pp. 175-215

摘要

This article examines Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters with Middle Chinese retroflex stop (Zhi) and alveolar stop (Duan) initials from the fifteenth century through the twentieth century. The palatalization of Middle Chinese retroflex stop initials was noticeable in Sino-Korean as early as 1448 although it had become more apparent by 1720. This change seems to have been completed, at the latest, by 1751. Middle Chinese alveolar stop initials also underwent palatalization in Sino-Korean from 1751. The active change, however, took place from the late nineteenth century and was completed by the beginning of the twentieth century. Through a close observation of the mechanism of Sino-Korean palatalization, this study demonstrates that Sino-Korean palatalization was an internal change within Korean and diffused across the Sino-Korean lexicon in a gradual manner for centuries. Accordingly, this article concludes that Sino-Korean palatalization complies with the scenario of sound change that the Lexical Diffusionists propose.

關鍵字

Lexical diffusion ； Sino-Korean ； Palatalization ； sound change ； Middle Chinses ； Neogrammarian hypothesis

並列摘要

本論文分析幷討論了從15世紀至20世紀，中國中古音的知系與端系聲母字在韓國漢字音中產生哪些變化。中古知系字本有舌上音聲母，其在韓國漢字音當中從1448年開始出現顎化現象，至1720年相當部分知系聲母的字大多數也都産生了顎化現象。上述語音變化最晚在1751年大體上基本完成。中古端系字本有舌尖音聲母，在韓國漢字音當中從1751年開始産生顎化現象。但規模變化始於19世紀末，終於20世紀初。仔細分析韓國漢字音的顎化過程，可以推斷出其語音變化是因韓國語語言內部自身原因而形成的，幷且是經過幾個世紀逐漸擴散到韓國語漢字詞粱當中的。因此本論文中所探討的韓國漢字音的顎化過程，符合王士元等詞彙擴散理論學派的語音變化之學說。

並列關鍵字

詞彙擴散 ； 韓國漢字音（朝鮮譯音） ； 顎化 ； 語音變化 ； 中古音 ； 新文法學派假設