語言接觸中的語法變化：論南寧粤語「述語+賓語+補語」結構的來源

GRAMMATICAL CHANGE IN LANGUAGE CONTACT: ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ＂VERB + OBJECT + COMPLEMENT＂ CONSTRUCTION IN NANNING YUE

郭必之(Bit-Chee Kwok)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 24期 (2010/12) Pp. 201-216

摘要

屬於邕潯片粤語的南寧話，有一種罕見於漢語方言的「述賓補」（VOC）結構，如「食飯飽」、「飲酒醉」等。本文給出了充份的證據，認爲這是和同樣使用「VOC」的壯語接觸後的結果，和中古流行的「隔開式」述補結構沒有任何關係。文中以Thomason（2001）的「轉用干擾」說作爲立論的主幹，指出南寧地區的壯人在語言轉換時，把自己母語的特點帶到目標語（粤語）裡去。陳保亞（2005）主張「轉用干擾」是漢語方言形成其中一個重要的源頭，本文的例子爲他的學說提供了鮮活的證據。

關鍵字

南寧粤語 ； 壯語 ； 語言接觸 ； 轉用干擾 ； 述補結構

並列摘要

This paper aims at exploring the origin of the peculiar ＂verb + object + complement＂ construction (＂VOC＂ construction) in Nanning Yue, a Yue dialect closely related to Standard Cantonese. It is pointed out that the ＂VOC＂ construction in Nanning Yue is not an archaic feature, but a result of ＂shift-induced interference＂ (cf. Thomason 2001) when a large number of Zhuang speakers, who used ＂VOC＂ construction in their mother tongue, shifted to Nanning Yue about a century ago. The examples shown in this paper provide solid evidence in support of Chen's (2005) theory, which suggests that ＂shift-induced interference＂ plays an important role in the divergence of Chinese dialects.

並列關鍵字

Nanning Yue (南寧粵語) ； Zhuang language ； Language contact ； Shift-induced interference ； Verb complement construction