论语用趋简性造成的汉语句子成分的隐匿

A STUDY OF THE HIDDEN SENTENCE COMPONENTS RESULTING FROM THE TENDENCY TOWARD PRAGMATIC SIMPLICITY

彭兰玉(Peng Lanyu)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series》 26期 (2016/12) Pp. 189-205

摘要

本文讨论了语用趋简性带来的省略与残缺这种组合性成分隐匿现象以及貌似完全句的“读报纸”类聚合性成分信息隐匿现象。提出判别一个句子不能囿于狭隘的句法观，除了减缩法之外，多方类比、相关转换、添补实验、数量权衡、语篇陈述链的话题辖域、后续句与话题的关系等原理都能用来鉴别省略或残缺。对“看报纸”这种不易察觉的聚合性隐匿所反映的事件信息的关系，可以概括为三种模式：A1（A2A3...）+B，A+B1（B2B3...）和A1+B1（A2+B2、A3+B3...），在聚合信息的语形选择上遵循的是典型性原则。

關鍵字

组合 ； 聚合 ； 隐匿

並列摘要

This article discusses the phenomenon of hidden paradigmatic components caused by the tendency toward pragmatic simplicity, i.e. ellipsis, fragments, and seemingly complete sentences like ＂du baozhi＂ (read newspaper). It proposes that identification of such hidden components cannot be achieved by syntactic criteria alone. One can use various methods besides abbreviation to identify ellipsis and fragments, for example: analogy, relevant transformation, supplementation, quantitative balance, identification of the topic scope of a discourse statement chain, and the relationship between the follow-up sentence and topics. In the case of sentences like ＂kan baozhi,＂ it summarizes the event information reflected by the hidden components as belonging to one of three patterns: A1(A2 A3...)+B, A+B1 (B2 B3...) and A1+B1(A2+B2, A3+B3...). These patterns guide the selection of linguistic forms of paradigmatic information.

並列關鍵字

Syntagmatic ； Paradigmatic ； Hidden components