發展遲緩幼兒個案之語詞、語句及迷走語之語言樣本分析

A Study of Language Sample Analysis of a Child with Developmental Delay-Using Semantics, Syntax and Maze as the Examples

宋明君(Ming-Jiun Sung) ； 謝淑慧(Shu-Hui Hsieh) ； 林斐雯(Fei-Wen Lin)

《障礙者理解學刊》 18卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 35-61

https://doi.org/10.6513/JUID.202206_18(2).0002

摘要

本研究主要在分析發展遲緩幼兒個案的之語詞、語句及迷走語表現狀況。個案幼兒為經過聯合評估診斷為語言發展遲緩之五歲幼兒，目前就讀南投縣某私立幼兒園。本研究採用的研究方法為語言樣本分析法，研究流程主要遵循CHILDES系統的分析方法，亦即首先收集語言樣本並建立語料庫，接著依照CHAT格式進行逐字稿轉譯，最後運用CLAN電腦軟體進行分析語言樣本分析。分析結果分成以文本為單位的語言樣本分析及以相同語句長度為單位的語言樣本分析二類。首先於以文本為單位的分析結果中，平均句長－詞及平均句長－字均比一般幼兒的平均句長較短，其中在含不同字數的語句方面，以含1至3字的語句比率者最高，而不同對話者對於個案的語句所含字數經t考驗並無差異。在相異詞數及校正後相異詞數方面，亦較一般幼兒的相異詞少，而在相異詞出現次數占總詞數之加權比率方面，相異詞出現頻率較少的語詞，占總詞數之加權比率較高；反之，相異詞出現頻率較高的語詞，其所占總詞數之加權比率較低。第二在以文本為單位的語言樣本分析方面，乃以五十個語句為單位，對一千個語句進行分析，結果顯示個案幼兒平均語句長度及總詞數對照常模後均明顯落後一般幼兒。而在迷走語方面，出現迷走語的語句佔總語句數的五成三，其中又以完全仿說最多。根據上述分析結果，研究者分別對發展遲緩幼兒的父母、教師，以及未來的研究提出相關建議。

關鍵字

發展遲緩 ； 幼兒 ； 語詞 ； 語句 ； 迷走語

並列摘要

This study analyzes a child with developmental delay's semantics, syntax, and maze performance. Our case is a five-year-old child diagnosed with language developmental delay by an interdisciplinary assessment center. This child is enrolled in a preschool located in Nantou County. We used Language Sample Analysis (LSA) as the research method, and the procedures of our study follow the standard procedures of the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) systems. First, we collect the language samples to create a database. Second, we transcribed the language samples according to the standards of Codes for the Human Analysis Transcripts (CHAT). Third, we use the Child Language Analysis program (CLAN) to analyze the transcripts. We report our results in two types, the first type of results are sampled from transcripts of different sessions, and the same lengths sample the second type from all transcripts. In the first analysis type, our research case's mean length of utterance-word (MLU-w) and mean length of utterance--character (MLU-c) are much shorter than the average children. Among the utterances of our language samples, utterances that contain one to three words were the largest group. Different conversation participants did not produce different utterance lengths by analysis through the t-test. Our research case's total number of different words (NDW) and corrected type-token ratio-word (CTTR-w) are much lesser than the average children are. The fewer words in the utterances of the TTR-w group, the lower ratios the groups of TTR-w are. The second part of our analysis uses fifty utterances as the language sample, and one thousand utterances were used for analysis. The results showed that the MLU-c and the total number of words (TNW) of our research case are much lesser when compared to the five-year-old norm. The total mazes were about fifty-three percent of the total utterances, and the most type of the maze is imitation. Based on these results, we proposed some suggestions to parents and teachers of children with developmental delays and some suggestions for future study.

並列關鍵字

Language Sample Analysis ； Children ； Developmental Delay ； Semantics ； Syntax ； Maze