READING THE CHINESE CHARACTERS: AN INFORMATION PROCESSING VIEW

阅读中文字一个资讯传递的观点

曾志朗(Ovid J.L. Tzeng) ； 洪蘭(Daisy L. Hung) ； 葛蘿琳達(Linda Garro)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 6卷2期 (1978/06) Pp. 287-305

摘要

We discuss here two major questions in the study of reading Chinese characters from the viewpoint of experimental psychology. (1) Is there cerebral lateralization? Based on the recent results obtained in Japan and in our own laboratory, it is clear that the answer is affirmative, and that the lateralization is to the right hemisphere. (2) In progressing from the recognition of single characters to the comprehension of sentences, is phonetic recoding necessary? From our two experiments, we suggest the following. If we divide the entire reading process into several stages of information processing, then it appears that phonetic recoding is not necessary in going from the shape of the character to its meaning. But in going from character to character and in relating sentence to sentence, phonetic recoding typically does occur. The recoding is especially noticeable when recoding difficult materials. We believe this is due to the fact that our memory for the phonetic codes is more durable than our memory for the visual codes.

並列摘要

这篇文章讨论目前实验心理学在研究有关中文阅读行为时，所提出的两个主要问题，第一，在看学识意的过程中，中文是否也有脑部偏向（Cerebral lateralization）的现象？由最近在日本和我们自己实验室的研究结果看来，这个答案是肯定的，而且是偏向脑的右半球。第二，在阅读中文时，由单字的认识到句子段落的理解的整个过程上，语音的呈现是不是必要的过程？从我们两个实验的结果，导出下面的看法：如果把整个阅读过程分成几个資讯传递（information processing）的阶段，则显然由字形到字义，语音的呈现是一般的现象。这个现象在阅读困难题材时尤为突出。在理论上，我们认为这是由於每个人对语音的记憶都比对字形的记憶要有效的多。