语言深度接触机制与藏汉语言类型差异问题

THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE DEEP-CONTACTING MECHANISM AND THE TYPOLOGICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIBETAN AND CHINESE

意西微萨．阿错(Yeshes Vodgsal Atshogs)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 33卷1期 (2005/01) Pp. 1-33

摘要

本文主要包括两个方面的语言事实分析。首先是以最新发现的一种特殊语言－“倒话”为例，分析藏、汉语言在深度接触中，从音韵、词汇到语法的复杂混合层次。这种复杂层次中的一个典型表现是词汇系统与句法系统异源的整合机制。这种情形让人想起藏、汉语言历史关系中，一方面是基本词汇的语音对应所体现的语言亲缘关系，一方面是语法结构类型的巨大差异；想起桥本万太郎先生（1985）曾说道“藏语在词汇方面和汉藏语系大有关联，然而在句法方面更像阿尔泰语”的著名论述。于是，又进一步分析了与桥本先生这一论述相关的语言事实。当把现实语言深度接触复杂机制，与藏、汉语言特殊历史关系加以比较时，则可以看到两类事实之间惊人的相似性。

關鍵字

语言深度接触 ； 汉藏语言比较 ； 语言类型差异 ； 倒话

並列摘要

This dissertation analyzes two language facts. At the very beginning, based on the newly-discovered language -Daohua, this dissertation intends to analyze the deep-contacting relationship between Tibetan and Chinese from the mixing complicated levels of phonetic system, lexical system, and syntax. A typical feature of the complicated levels is the heterogeneous-conformity mechanism of lexical and syntax system. This kind of situation makes us think of that, in the historical relationship between Tibetan and Chinese, there is a kinship relation represented by the basic vocabulary, as well as there is a great typological difference. Also, it let us bethink the famous viewpoint proposed by Mantaro J. Hashimoto (1985): Tibetan is related with the Sino-Tibetan family mostly in vocabulary, but in syntax it is more close to Altaic. Based on this, then the dissertation has farther analyzed the language fact related to the viewpoint proposed by Mantaro J. Hashimoto. When we compare the fact of deep-contacting mechanism of Daohua with the correlative fact of the famous judgment proposed by Mantaro J. Hashimoto, we can find there is an astonishing similarity between the two facts above.

並列關鍵字

deep-contact of language ； the historical relationship between Tibetan and Chinese ； typological difference between language ； Daohua