汉语通用量词的发展与汉语量词范畴的确立

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL CLASSIFIERS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CATEGORY OF NUMERAL-CLASSIFIERS IN CHINESE

张赪(Cheng ZHANG)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 40卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 307-321

摘要

本文考察了汉到魏晋南北朝时期的名词与量词的搭配情况，并重点考察了通用量词“枚、个”的使用情况，指出“枚、个”从一产生就是通用量词，在汉语量词发展的初期汉语通用量词就成熟了，它们主要用于当时没有专用量词的名词，扩大和稳定汉语量词的使用。汉语量词范畴产生的原因是语法的而不是语义的。

關鍵字

量词 ； 通用量词 ； 句法演变

並列摘要

This article investigates classifiers from the Han Dynasty to the Period of Wei and Jin Kingdoms and Northern and Southern Dynasties, especially the general classifiers ＂mei2＂ and ＂ge4＂. It is found that the two classifiers have been used as general classifiers as soon as they became to be classifiers from nouns; and they have been used mainly with the nouns that did not have specific classifiers. The general classifiers matured at the time when classifiers were emerging in Chinese. They also increased the scale of classifiers used and showed that the grammatical category of classifier has existed in Chinese since the Han Dynasty although there were not too many classifiers at that time. Motivation of classifiers used in Chinese is grammar not semantic.

並列關鍵字

Numeral-classifiers ； General classifiers ； Syntactic change