汉语方言三身代词与指代词关系研究

汉语中有些三身代词和指代词同源，是因为其人称域和指代域存在概念的认知映射。这种同源的痕迹存在于方言之中。大部分官话和东南方言的第一身、第二身概念与近指、远指概念有着系统的对应，所以其“尔”演变为第二身代词“你”和远指代词“那”，而第三身代词的空格也只有近指、远指以外的指代词来填补。由于第三身概念所指对象的心理距离远，而k系远指代词也后起于东南方言，因此与n系、k系远指代词音近的旁指、特指代词“他、其”，分别演变为两类方言的第三身代词。西北方言的第三身概念曾对应近指和远指概念，而今多以远指代词“兀／那”兼指第三身，其产生的机制来自阿尔泰语系。近指的“伊”演变为闽语第三身代词的机制可能与之类似。

關鍵字

指代词；第三身代词；映射；类型；特征；阶段

並列摘要

In Chinese some personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns share the same origins because of the conceptual cognitive mappings existing between the personal domain and demonstrative pronoun domain. The traces of such origins can also be found in the Chinese dialects which can be divided into three main categories. There exists a systematic correspondence between first person concept and proximal deixis concept, and between second person concept and distal deixis concept in Mandarin and southeast dialects. Therefore, the second personal pronoun er (尔) evolves into na (那), and the vacancy of the third personal pronoun can only be filled in with other pronouns which have nothing to do with proximal or distal demonstrative pronouns. Because of the mental distance of the referent of the third person concept and the historically later appearance of K series of distal demonstrative pronouns in the southeast dialects, the pronouns of the ＂other demonstrative＂ type ta (他) and qi (其) of specific reference similar in sound to the N series and the K series evolve into the third personal pronouns in the two categories of dialects. The concept of the third personal pronoun in northwest dialects corresponds to that of proximal deixis and distal deixis, and because its referent is mentally far, the distal demonstrative pronoun wu/na（兀/那）is used for the third personal pronoun as well. Such mechanism comes from Altaic languages. Probably similar is the evolution mechanism of the proximal demonstrative pronoun yi (伊) for the third personal pronoun.

並列關鍵字

Demonstrative pronouns ； Third personal pronoun ； Mapping ； Category ； Characteristics

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汉语方言三身代词与指代词关系研究

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