SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS OF POSTVERBAL SECONDARY PREDICATES IN TAIWAN SOUTHERN MIN

台灣閩南語動後次要謂語的句法與語意

林惠玲(Huei-Ling Lin)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 45卷1期 (2017/01) Pp. 68-103

摘要

Postverbal secondary predicates (PSP) in Taiwan Southern Min (TSM) are introduced by -kah^4, -liau^2, or -tioh^8, each of which carries a different denotation. This paper argues that the PSPs introduced by each of these three markers can be further divided into three types-resultative, descriptive, and extent. The arguments are based on the scope of modification, the formation of passivization, and word order. Moreover, there exist co-occurrence restrictions between the main verb and the PSPs; achievement and accomplishment compound verbs are incompatible with PSPs. Even though PSPs with different markers behave similarly, they still differ in at least one aspect. PSPs introduced by -kah^4 may be deleted, while those introduced by -liau^2 or -tioh^8 are not optional.

關鍵字

Taiwan Southern Min ； Postverbal secondary predicate ； Postverbal marker ； Resultative ； Descriptive ； Extent

並列摘要

臺灣閩南語的動後次要謂語可由“kah＂ ＂了”或“著”所引導，其中每一標誌所表達的語意稍有不同。而每一標誌所引導的動後次要謂語皆可進一步分為三類：結果、狀態、程度。本提案的論證來自修飾範域、被動形成、及詞序的考量。此外，主要動詞及動後次要謂語之間存有共存限制；成就與瞬間複合動詞無法與動後次要謂語共存。雖然不同標誌所引導的動後次要謂語有相似的句法表現，它們之間至少還有一項差異。由kah所引導的動後次要謂語可以省略，而由了或著所引導的則為必要的成分。

並列關鍵字

台灣閩南語 ； 動後次要謂語 ； 動後標誌 ； 結果 ； 狀態 ； 程度