潮州话中古浊去字今读分化的原因

CAUSES OF TONAL SPLIT OF THE DEPARTING-TONE CHARACTERS WITH MIDDLE CHINESE VOICED OBSTRUENT INITIALS IN CHAOZHOU DIALECTS

戴黎刚(Ligang Dai)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 47卷1期 (2019/01) Pp. 151-171

摘要

中古浊去字今潮州话分属阳上和阳去，这一现象得到语言学界的强烈关注。目前，学界比较认同的观点是：潮州话古浊去字，今读阳去的属于早期自有的白读层，今读阳上的属于受北方话影响产生的文读层。本文先比较潮州话文读和白读的合并过程，再系联其他闽南话的同类层次，然后提出一个新看法：这些古浊去字，潮州话今读阳去的层次（比如：“步”、“地”、“旧”、“饭”），属于后期再受强势闽南话影响产生的；相比之下，潮州话今读阳上的层次（比如：“佩”、“右”、“凤”、“会”）反倒是固有的。

關鍵字

潮州话 ； 浊去 ； 分调 ； 原因

並列摘要

The phenomenon that characters with Middle Chinese voiced obstruent initials are now read with Yangqu 阳去 (lower departing) and Yangshang 阳上 (lower rising) tones in Chaozhou dialects has attracted much attention from linguists. It is widely held that those characters read with Yangqu tone in Chaozhou dialects are inherent to the colloquial layer whereas those read with Yangshang belong to the literary layer, resulting from influence of northern dialects. In this study, we analyse the mergence of colloquial layer and literary layer in Chaozhou dialects. And we find out some similar layers in other Minnan dialects by comparison. So we put forward a new account: those now read with Yangqu (such as bu 步, di 地, jiu 旧, fang 饭) reflect influence of central Minnan 闽南 dialect while those now read with Yangshang (such as pei 佩, you 右, feng 凤, hui 会) are inherent.

並列關鍵字

Chaozhou dialects ； Departing tone ； Voiced initials ； Tonal splits ； Cause