中古前期汉语元音前高化链移和引起的元音系统重组

FRONT VOWEL CHAIN SHIFT AND THE VOWEL REPHONOLOGIZATION IN EARLY MIDDLE CHINESE

赵庸(Yong Zhao)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 50卷1期 (2022/01) Pp. 231-258

摘要

中古前期，汉语通语语音史上，与后高化链移相伴，发生了前高化链移。此次前高化是推链，启动较后高化略晚，也在东汉。比较前后高化链移，可以观察到对称和不对称的音变输出格局。前高化链移引起一系列元音的系统重组，表现为歌_1歌_3部、支歌_2部、脂_2脂_1部的分化、合并，其间还掺入微_1微_2部、之部的前化与合流，至中古形成麻二佳皆麻三支脂齐韵。《切韵》格局的佳齐韵形成于刘宋时期，皆韵形成在刘宋时期之后，支脂韵形成则不早于晋代。前高化链移形态不完整，属于局部链移。汉语元音系统构型调整发生于长元音高化开始之后，短元音长化完成之前。

關鍵字

音变 ； 前高化链移 ； 音系重组 ； 元音系统构型 ； 中古音系

並列摘要

In the history of Chinese general language, with the back vowel raised chain shift, the front vowel raised chain shift occurred in the early period of the Middle Ancient. This front raising is a push chain started slightly later than the back vowel raised chain shift which also happened in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Comparing the front and back vowel raised chain shift, the symmetrical and non-symmetric sound-change output patterns can be observed. A series of vowel rephonologization resulted from front vowel raised chain shift was characterized by the differentiation and merging of rhyme groups Ge_1 歌_1 Ge_3 歌_3, Zhi 支 Ge_2 歌_2, and Zhi_2 脂_2 Zhi_1 脂_1, which formed Ma-Er 麻二, Jia 佳, Jie 皆, Ma-San 麻三, Zhi 支, Zhi 脂, and Qi 齐 rhymes in the Middle Ancient with fronting and collaboration of rhyme groups Wei_1 微_1 Wei_2 微_2 and Zhi 之. As for the patterns in Qieyun 切韵of rhymes, Jia 佳 and Qi 齐 were shaped in Liu Song Dynasty, while the formation of Jie 皆 rhyme was after the Liu Song, and the Zhi 支 and Zhi 脂 rhymes were not earlier than the Jin Dynasty. The form of front vowel raised chain shift is incomplete and belongs to localized chain shift. The structural adjustment of Chinese vowel system occurred after the start of the long vowel raising and before the completion of the short vowel lengthening.

並列關鍵字

Sound change ； Front vowel raised chain shift ； Rephonologization ； Vowel system configuration ； Phonology of Middle Ancient Chinese