- 期刊
The ＂Non-Duality of Goodness and Badness＂: Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 on the Badness Inherent in Reality
善惡不二－幽溪傳燈論真實性惡
摘要
This paper examines the arguments developed by the Ming-Dynasty Buddhist scholar-monk Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628) in order to establish the Tiantai Buddhist doctrine that ＂thusness＂ (Skt. tathatā; Chi. zhenru 真如) -＂reality as it really is＂ (zhenshi 真實) - contains ＂inherent badness＂ (xing'e 性惡). In his seminal tract of Tiantai Buddhist apologetics, the Treatise on Goodness and Badness Inherent in Nature (Xing shan e lun 性善惡論), Chuandeng develops the doctrine that the ＂dharmas＂ (fa 法) - the basic constituents that comprise the entirety of reality - have coexisting ＂dispositions＂ (xingde 性德) of ＂inherent goodness＂ (xing shan 性善) and inherent badness. Chuandeng argues that the ＂unsatisfactoriness＂ (Skt. duḥkha; Chi. ku 苦) of life as it is ordinarily lived is due to the activation of the inherent badness within the dharmas. In so doing, Chuandeng upholds the Tiantai teaching that the ＂liberation＂ (Chi. jietuo 解脫) from the unsatisfactoriness of quotidian life is contingent upon an engagement with the inherent badness in the dharmas composing reality.
並列摘要
本文探討明朝學問僧幽溪傳燈（1554－1628）所主張的天台教法中的「真如」（梵文：tathatā）。所謂「真實便是如此」，其中「真實」包含了「性惡」的意思。傳燈在天台教辨惑學文章的代表作《性善惡論》中，開展出諸法實相的教義；他認為法的構成包含了一切真實，也認為法的性德同時具有性善與性惡。傳燈認為人生中的「苦」是由於法中性惡的緣故。傳燈如此做也維護了天台教法的基本立場，也就是認為要從生命的苦當中解脫，與法中性惡離不開關係。